2D PISA Iso-Velocity Surface Detection Using 3D Doppler Data
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Solution Overview
Problem
The 2D PISA method for quantifying mitral regurgitation is subjective and user-dependent, with significant variability due to manual measurements and geometric assumptions, leading to inconsistent and unreliable results.
Innovation Solution
A computer-implemented method using 3D Doppler data and a blood flow model to automatically determine an iso-velocity surface for 2D PISA measurements, minimizing user intervention and standardizing the determination of the flow convergence zone and orifice area.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If manual measurements and user adjustments are used in 2D PISA method, then the method is easy to operate, but the measurement precision and reliability deteriorate due to user variability
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs automatic measurement and calculation of PISA parameters using computer algorithms that process imaging data independently, eliminating the need for manual user measurements and adjustments. The computer automatically determines the radius of curvature, calculates PISA area, and computes regurgitant volume, making the system self-sufficient and removing human variability from the measurement process.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the manual mechanical measurement process with an automated computer-based system that uses image processing algorithms. Instead of users manually measuring distances and calculating values, the system automatically analyzes the imaging data, identifies the flow convergence zone, determines geometric parameters, and computes results through computational methods.
2Ease of operation
If manual radius measurements are performed in 2D PISA, then the operation is simple, but the reliability worsens due to error compounding when radius is squared
Solution Approach 1:
The computer system automatically performs the radius measurement and all subsequent calculations without user intervention. The system independently determines the radius of curvature from the imaging data, squares it to calculate PISA area, and computes regurgitant volume, eliminating the error propagation that occurs with manual measurements and ensuring consistent, reliable results.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces manual radius measurement with automated image processing that identifies the flow convergence zone boundary and calculates the radius of curvature through computational geometry. This substitution eliminates measurement errors and prevents error compounding in the squared radius calculation by using precise digital measurement and calculation methods.
3Measurement precision
If 3D data and blood flow modeling are used to automatically determine iso-velocity surface, then measurement precision and reliability improve, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from 2D imaging to 3D volumetric data acquisition and processing. The system acquires 3D color Doppler data, constructs a blood flow model in three dimensions, and determines the iso-velocity surface through spatial analysis. This dimensional enhancement provides more accurate representation of the flow convergence zone and improves measurement precision despite increased computational requirements.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a blood flow model as an intermediary between the raw 3D imaging data and the final PISA measurements. This model serves as a computational representation that simplifies the complex 3D flow patterns into a manageable format for automatic analysis, enabling precise determination of the iso-velocity surface while managing the complexity through structured modeling approaches.
4Reliability
If automatic determination of iso-velocity surface is implemented, then inter- and intra-user variability is reduced, but the extent of automation increases system complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs complete automatic determination of the iso-velocity surface using computer algorithms that process the 3D blood flow model independently. The computer automatically identifies the flow convergence zone, calculates the radius of curvature, determines the PISA surface area, and computes regurgitant parameters without any user interaction, achieving maximum automation and ensuring consistent, reproducible results across different users and measurements.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces all manual operations with automated computer-based processing. Instead of users performing measurements and calculations, the system uses image processing algorithms, computational geometry, and automated calculation methods to determine all PISA parameters, eliminating user variability entirely while managing complexity through systematic computational approaches.
Data Source
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AI summary
Proposed concepts thus aim to provide schemes, solutions, concept, designs, methods and systems pertaining to automatically determining an iso-velocity surface for use in 2D PISA measurements. In particular, embodiments aim to provide a method for automatically determining an iso-velocity surface for use in 2D PISA measurements by using a blood flow model of the regurgitant flow in order to automatically determine an area and location of a flow convergence zone in the blood flow model. Using the determined area and location of the flow convergence zone, an iso-velocity surface can be determined corresponding to a 2D PISA hemisphere.