Piston Cooling Passage Upward Inclination

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing piston cooling systems in engines face inefficiencies in heat transfer due to lube oil accumulation and non-flowing conditions, leading to potential piston ring immobility and damage from coke formation, particularly at the uppermost piston ring region.

Innovation Solution

The piston features an upwardly-inclined cooling passage system that distributes lubricant to an outer plenum, ensuring continuous flow and enhanced heat transfer by maintaining a minimum lube oil level and optimizing the lube oil distribution system, including raised outlets to prevent oil loss during upward motion and varied cross-sectional areas for consistent flow velocity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If lube oil is supplied to cool the piston, then cooling effect is achieved, but lube oil accumulation and non-flowing conditions occur leading to reduced heat transfer efficiency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepiston temperatureVSAvoidcooling system reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The cooling passage is designed with an upwardly-inclined angle relative to the piston's longitudinal axis, creating a dynamic flow path that utilizes the piston's reciprocating motion to maintain continuous lube oil circulation. This dynamic configuration prevents oil accumulation and ensures reliable heat transfer throughout the engine operating cycle.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The cooling passage cross-sectional area is varied along its length, with the area increasing in the flow direction. This parameter change optimizes flow velocity distribution and prevents oil stagnation, maintaining effective cooling while avoiding harmful accumulation effects.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Temperature

If cooling passages are added to improve cooling, then heat transfer is enhanced, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepiston temperatureVSAvoidpiston structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The cooling system is segmented into functional zones: an outer plenum chamber for oil distribution, multiple cooling passages with specific orientations, and strategically positioned outlets. This segmentation allows each component to perform its function efficiently while maintaining overall system simplicity through modular integration within the piston structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Loss of energy

If lube oil flow is increased to improve cooling, then heat transfer efficiency improves, but lube oil loss during upward motion increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat transfer efficiencyVSAvoidlube oil loss
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The cooling passages are positioned and oriented to deliver lube oil to critical heat-generating regions (piston rings and groove areas) before temperatures reach dangerous levels. The upwardly-inclined passages ensure oil is delivered to the outer plenum at the optimal moment in the piston cycle, maximizing cooling efficiency while minimizing excess oil loss.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

Different regions of the piston receive differentiated cooling: the outer plenum and its associated passages specifically target the piston ring grooves and upper piston regions, while varied cross-sectional areas in different passages optimize flow distribution to specific hot spots. This localized quality approach ensures efficient cooling with minimal overall oil consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration achieves improved cooling efficiency by maintaining continuous lube oil flow and heat transfer along critical surfaces, preventing coke formation and ensuring robust engine operation by maintaining the uppermost piston ring region below a certain temperature.

Implementation Method 1

The at least one cooling passage extends towards the outer peripheral wall at an upwardly-inclined angle with respect to the longitudinal axis

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGravity: Gravitation

Implementation Method 2

At least one cooling passage is configured to receive lubricant supplied from the cooling inlet and supply the received lubricant to the outer plenum

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 3

improved cooling efficiency by maintaining continuous lube oil flow and heat transfer along critical surfaces

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat transfer: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 4

maintaining continuous lube oil flow and heat transfer along critical surfaces, preventing coke formation and ensuring robust engine operation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat absorption: Absorption (physical)

Data Source

PatentEP3301284B1Piston with cooling arrangement
Publication Date: 2020.11.25 CATERPILLAR ENERGY SOLUTIONS
  • EP3301284B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3301284B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3301284B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A piston (1) for an engine (100) comprises a cooling arrangement that allows for an increased cooling efficiency of an outer peripheral wall (5) of a piston body (4) including a plurality of piston ring grooves (10, 12, 14). Lubricant is supplied to an outer plenum (22) formed adjacent to outer peripheral wall (5) via a cooling passage (26) that extends at an upwardly-inclined angle from a central plenum (28) towards the outer plenum (22). Lubricant that enters cooling passage (26) is imparted with a corresponding flow velocity component due to the upwardly-inclined orientation of cooling passage (26) prior to entering outer plenum (22) to flow along an inner surface of the same. A heat transfer between the lubricant and the inner surface of the outer plenum (22) is increased due to the resulting flow of lubricant.