Pixel Normalization Unit for Lossless Graphics Processing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Pixel normalization in graphics processing introduces errors, particularly when non-linear functions are applied, as existing methods do not accurately map the maximum value of an N-bit pixel to 1.0, leading to irreversible errors.
Innovation Solution
A normalization unit that converts N-bit pixel values from 0 to (2N−1) to the range 0.0 to 1.0 by dividing by (2N−1), with configuration registers for setting input and output values, and a reformatting unit that reverses this normalization, allowing for non-linear transformations without error.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If pixel values are normalized by dividing by 2^N (conventional method), then the normalization operation is simple and fast, but the maximum pixel value (2^N-1) does not map to 1.0, introducing an error
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the normalization divisor from 2^N to 2^N - 1. This parameter change ensures that the maximum pixel value (2^N - 1) correctly maps to 1.0, eliminating the normalization error while maintaining computational efficiency through right-shift operations and addition
2Adaptability or versatility
If non-linear functions are applied to normalized pixel values, then color space conversion and gamma correction can be performed, but normalization errors become irreversible
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs the correct normalization operation before applying non-linear functions. By ensuring the normalization is accurate from the start (mapping max value to 1.0), the basis for subsequent non-linear operations is correct, preventing error accumulation and maintaining reversibility through proper floating-point representation
Data Source
AI summary
Methods and apparatuses for performing lossless normalization of input pixel component values. The apparatus includes a normalization unit for converting pixel values from a range of 0 to (2N−1) to a normalized range from 0.0 to 1.0. The step size between adjacent values of the normalized range is 1/(2N−1), and a maximum input value of (2N−1) corresponds to a normalized value of 1. The normalization unit divides each input pixel component value by (2N−1) in order to preserve the fidelity of the color information contained in the input pixel component value.