Polylactic Acid Electret Web Crystallinity and Charge Retention

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electret webs made from polylactic acid with charging additives face challenges in retaining charge and filtration performance when exposed to high temperatures for extended periods, leading to deterioration in crystallinity and filtration efficiency.

Innovation Solution

The development of spunbonded electret webs comprising meltspun, drawn polylactic acid fibers with a charging additive, where the fibers are through-air bonded and have a high L-lactic acid to D-lactic acid monomer unit ratio, enhancing crystallinity and charge retention through high drawing rates and suitable thermal exposure.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If polylactic acid electret webs are exposed to high temperatures for extended periods, then thermal processing can be performed, but charge retention and filtration performance deteriorate due to crystallinity changes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal processing capabilityVSAvoidcharge retention
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by precisely controlling the L-lactic acid to D-lactic acid monomer unit ratio (97:3 to 100:0) and optimizing processing parameters such as drawing rates and thermal exposure conditions. This resolves the contradiction by finding optimal parameter ranges that enable thermal processing while preserving charge retention and filtration performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies local quality by creating regions with different crystallinity levels within the web structure. Through controlled thermal processing and drawing, certain areas develop enhanced crystallinity that maintains structural integrity and charge retention, while other areas retain flexibility for filtration functionality, thus resolving the contradiction between thermal stability and charge retention.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Reliability

If high drawing rates are applied to meltspun polylactic acid fibers, then crystallinity and charge retention are enhanced, but manufacturing complexity and process control difficulty increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharge retentionVSAvoidprocess control
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-determining the optimal L-lactic acid to D-lactic acid monomer unit ratio range (97:3 to 100:0) before the drawing process. This preliminary compositional control simplifies subsequent process control, as the predetermined composition responds predictably to high drawing rates, thereby enhancing charge retention while managing manufacturing complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies mechanics substitution by replacing complex mechanical control systems with a chemically-driven approach. By utilizing the inherent properties of polylactic acid with specific L-to-D monomer ratios, the material self-organizes and crystallizes in response to drawing rates, reducing the need for complex external control mechanisms while maintaining high charge retention.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Strength

If through-air bonding is used to bond polylactic acid fibers, then web strength is achieved, but filtration performance may deteriorate due to excessive bonding

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveweb strengthVSAvoidfiltration performance
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies partial action by implementing controlled through-air bonding that provides just sufficient bonding to achieve adequate web strength without excessive bonding that would compromise filtration performance. The bonding process is optimized to create localized bonds that maintain structural integrity while preserving the porous structure necessary for filtration functionality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies composite materials principles by creating a hybrid structure where bonded and unbonded fiber regions coexist. The through-air bonding creates a composite architecture with bonded zones providing strength and unbonded zones maintaining filtration pathways, thus resolving the contradiction between web strength and filtration performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method results in electret webs that maintain excellent filtration properties and charge retention even after high-temperature aging, as demonstrated by increased crystallinity and sustained Quality Factor Retention ratios.

Implementation Method 1

the meltspun, drawn polylactic acid fibers comprise polylactic acid with a mass ratio of L-lactic acid monomer units to D-lactic acid monomer units of from about 97:3 to about 100:0

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCrystallization: Crystallisation

Implementation Method 2

enhancing crystallinity and charge retention through high drawing rates and suitable thermal exposure

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal exposure: Heating

Implementation Method 3

spunbonded electret webs comprising polylactic acid fibers, wherein at least some of the polylactic acid fibers are meltspun, drawn, charged fibers

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectret effect: Electret

Data Source

PatentEP3186425B1Spunbonded web comprising polylactic acid fibers
Publication Date: 2020.01.01 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO
  • EP3186425B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3186425B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3186425B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

Spunbonded electret webs comprising polylactic acid fibers, in which at least some of the polylactic acid fibers are meltspun, drawn, charged fibers that include charging additive; and, methods of making such fibers and webs.