Planar Metalens for Super-Resolution Imaging

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current optical microscopes face limitations in achieving high resolution due to diffraction limitations, particularly in observing objects smaller than 300 nm, and existing methods like immersion lenses, fluorescence labeling, and near-field scanning have limitations in practicality and applicability.

Innovation Solution

A planar metalens with a high refractive index metasurface, such as GaP and Si, is used to overcome diffraction limitations by expanding spatial frequency components beyond the wavelength, enabling super-resolution imaging of 100 nm or less through a far-field method and allowing for label-free, instantaneous imaging.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If an optical microscope is used, then it is widely applicable for diagnosis and analysis, but it cannot distinguish objects with center-to-center distance of 300 nm or less due to diffraction limitation

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveresolutionVSAvoidapplicability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the refractive index parameter by using high refractive index materials (such as GaP with n≈3.6 or Si with n≈3.4) for the metalens substrate. This parameter change allows the system to achieve super-resolution (100 nm or less) while maintaining wide applicability through label-free operation, resolving the contradiction between measurement precision and adaptability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If an immersion lens is used, then resolution is improved up to 200 nm, but performance limitations remain

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveresolutionVSAvoidperformance limitation
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent improves upon immersion lenses by using solid high refractive index materials (GaP, Si) with refractive indices significantly higher than oil immersion media. This parameter change enables resolution of 100 nm or less, overcoming the performance limitations of conventional immersion lenses while maintaining reliability through label-free operation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the liquid oil immersion medium with solid high refractive index materials. This substitution eliminates the performance limitations associated with liquid immersion media while achieving superior resolution and broader applicability through the planar metalens structure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Measurement precision

If fluorescence labeling is used, then resolution of several ten nm is achieved, but it cannot perform instantaneous imaging and is difficult to be widely used

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveresolutionVSAvoidinstantaneous imaging capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces fluorescence labeling (chemical/biological method) with a physical optical method using high refractive index materials and Fresnel zone plate structures. This substitution enables instantaneous imaging without chemical pretreatment while achieving resolution of 100 nm or less, resolving the contradiction between measurement precision and productivity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent enables the system to serve itself by using the high refractive index material's inherent optical properties to achieve super-resolution without requiring external fluorescent labels or complex chemical treatments. This self-service approach enables instantaneous imaging and wide applicability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

4Measurement precision

If near-field scanning is used, then micro information is obtained, but it takes a long time and expensive instruments are required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemicro information detectionVSAvoidscanning time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces near-field scanning (mechanical probe method) with a far-field optical method using high refractive index materials. This substitution eliminates the need for expensive probe control instruments and enables instantaneous imaging of the entire field of view, resolving the contradiction between measurement precision and loss of time

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent extracts the essential function of near-field scanning (achieving micro information detection) and implements it through a far-field method using high refractive index materials and Fresnel zone plate structures. This extraction eliminates the time-consuming mechanical scanning while maintaining micro information detection capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The planar metalens achieves high-resolution imaging in bio and semiconductor fields, can be mass-produced, and is simple enough to be integrated as a cover glass or used in mobile devices, providing super-resolution imaging capabilities without modifying existing optical systems.

Implementation Method 1

spread detailed information of 100 nm or less by a far-field method using diffraction of a Fresnel zone plate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffraction: Diffraction

Implementation Method 2

using diffraction of a Fresnel zone plate expanded to a degree smaller than a wavelength in air

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFresnel diffraction: Fresnel Diffraction

Implementation Method 3

uses a material with high refractive index as an optical medium. Since a wavelength is decreased in proportion to a refractive index

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRefraction: Refraction

Data Source

PatentEP3667376B1Flat metalens and cover glass comprising same
Publication Date: 2023.11.08 KOREA ADVANCED INST OF SCI & TECH
  • EP3667376B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP3667376B1 patent drawingFigure 1B~1C
  • EP3667376B1 patent drawingFigure 1D

AI summary

The present disclosure provides a planar metalens and a cover glass including the planar metalens.