Planar Multipole Antenna Beam Width and Size Optimization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional patch-type antennas have limited beam width and size, restricting their ability to form wide-range beams with high gain, and often create shadow regions due to their design characteristics.
Innovation Solution
A planar multipole antenna design featuring multiple radiators with via holes, where the main radiator forms magnetic or electric dipoles and additional radiators induce additional dipoles, allowing for adjustable beam patterns and increased beam width without increasing antenna size, by optimizing the distribution and connection of radiators on a conductor plate.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If a patch-type antenna is used to achieve high gain, then the gain is improved, but the beam width is limited to approximately ±40 degrees
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna is divided into a main radiator and multiple additional radiators arranged in specific patterns (e.g., cross-dipole, plus-dipole configurations). Each radiator segment contributes to forming magnetic and electric dipoles that work together to expand the beam width while maintaining high gain through constructive interference of electromagnetic fields.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from a conventional single-plane patch antenna to a three-dimensional multipole structure with radiators extending in multiple directions (X, Y, and Z axes). This dimensional expansion creates omnidirectional radiation patterns with beam widths exceeding ±90 degrees in multiple planes simultaneously, resolving the beam width limitation of traditional patch antennas.
2Length of moving object
If the beam width is increased to cover wider ranges, then the coverage is improved, but shadow regions are generated due to limited field source characteristics
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple field sources (main radiator and additional radiators) into a unified multipole antenna system. The radiators are positioned and configured to create overlapping electromagnetic field distributions that fill in shadow regions, eliminating dead zones and providing continuous coverage across wide angular ranges through synergistic field combination.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs via holes with specific dimensions, spacing, and arrangements to control the current distribution and resonance characteristics of each radiator. By adjusting parameters such as via hole diameter, depth, and positional relationships between radiators, the electromagnetic field distribution is optimized to expand beam width while minimizing shadow region formation through constructive interference patterns.
3Length of moving object
If multiple radiators are added to expand beam width, then the beam width is improved, but the antenna size increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a compact multipole structure where additional radiators are nested around or integrated with the main radiator in a space-efficient manner. The radiators share common ground structures and support elements, allowing multiple radiating elements to be packed into a small volume while maintaining their individual radiation functions and achieving wide beam widths without proportional size increase.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent designs the multipole antenna structure to serve multiple functions simultaneously: the same radiator configuration provides wide beam width, maintains high gain, enables beam shaping capabilities, and achieves multi-band operation. The via holes and radiator geometries are designed to support multiple resonant modes, allowing a single compact structure to deliver diverse performance benefits without requiring separate antenna elements for each function.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design achieves a larger beam width in all directions, reduces antenna size, and allows for flexible beam control and impedance band adjustments, eliminating shadow regions and enhancing manufacturing ease while maintaining high gain.
Implementation Method 1
the main radiator includes a signal applying hole to which a signal is applied, and the additional radiator is connected to a ground formed on the conductor plate. The main radiator of the planar multipole antenna according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure forms a plurality of magnetic dipoles or electric dipoles, and the additional radiators may induce the plurality of magnetic dipoles or electric dipoles by the main radiator.
Data Source
AI summary
Provided is a planar multipole antenna, and more particularly, to a planar multipole antenna which is capable of adjusting a beam width and a band characteristic and reducing the size. The planar multipole antenna includes a plurality of radiators formed above a conductor plate, the plurality of radiator includes a main radiator and a plurality of additional radiators, the main radiator includes a signal applying hole to which a signal is applied, and the additional radiator is connected to a ground formed on the conductor plate.