Planar PCR Chip Transport for Random-Access Molecular Testing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing molecular testing systems are expensive, bulky, and lack flexibility, with long turnaround times and high reagent usage, particularly for small sample sizes and varied assays, and there are no high-throughput systems capable of running random access PCR tests in cost-effective volumes less than 15 μl.
Innovation Solution
A planar PCR chip with a U-shaped channel and automated transport mechanism for batchless and random access amplification and detection, allowing independent operation of PCR chips in a small footprint, with sample preparation and amplification/detection processes separated to optimize material use and reduce reagent volume.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If batch processing is used to achieve high throughput, then productivity is improved, but loss of time increases due to queue accumulation and synchronized processing requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The system divides the batch processing into independent mini-batches of 4 samples per module, allowing parallel processing across multiple modules. Each module can process its mini-batch independently without waiting for synchronization with other modules, eliminating the queue accumulation problem while maintaining high throughput through parallel execution.
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements dynamic scheduling where modules can be activated or deactivated based on demand. When urgent tests are received, the system can dynamically allocate resources and process samples immediately rather than waiting for batch completion, enabling flexible adjustment of processing speed and priority based on real-time needs.
2Ease of operation
If integrated sample-prep-assay cartridges are used to simplify operation, then ease of operation is improved, but device complexity increases due to prepackaged bulk liquids and multiple cartridge types
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses a universal reagent reservoir that can supply multiple types of reagents to different assay modules. Instead of requiring separate prepackaged cartridges for each assay type, a single reservoir system can be configured to provide different reagent combinations, allowing the same hardware platform to support multiple assay protocols without increasing physical complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The system separates the reagent storage function from the assay cartridge, extracting the bulk liquid reservoir as a independent component. This allows the reagent supply system to be reused across different assay types while keeping the assay-specific components simple and modular, reducing the need for multiple complex prepackaged cartridges.
3Volume of moving object
If air cooling is used to reduce system footprint, then volume of moving object is reduced, but speed decreases due to slow ramp times
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses a Peltier element for active thermal control during the hold phase, providing precise temperature maintenance. This active cooling mechanism is much faster than passive air cooling, enabling rapid temperature transitions while maintaining a compact footprint, as Peltier elements can be integrated directly into the reaction chamber without requiring large air cooling volumes.
4Reliability
If larger reaction volumes are used to maintain sensitivity, then reliability is improved, but loss of substance increases due to higher reagent consumption
Solution Approach 1:
The system optimizes the reaction volume parameter to 10 μl, which is smaller than conventional volumes but maintains detection sensitivity through concentrated nucleic acid samples. By changing the volume parameter and compensating with enhanced sample concentration and efficient thermal cycling, the system achieves reliable detection while reducing reagent consumption proportionally to the volume reduction.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables low-cost, high-throughput molecular testing with fast turnaround times and assay flexibility, maintaining sensitivity by concentrating nucleic acids into smaller volumes, and allowing independent operation of PCR chips for varied assays.
Implementation Method 1
a heating block operatively coupled to a controller for causing controlling the heating block to cycle through a plurality of temperatures
Implementation Method 2
The hold phase may be actively cooled with a Peltier element
Data Source
AI summary
A random access automated molecular testing system and method is used with a planar polymerase chain reaction (PCR) chip to provide molecular detection covering a wide variety of assays/tests in a small footprint. An automated transport mechanism moves the PCR chip between a pipette loading station, a sealing station and an amplification and detection module to provide batchless and random-access amplification and detection of a biological sample fluid. The PCR chip a planar rectangular body, a U-shaped channel for receiving sample fluid from an inlet port and a gripping feature laterally extending from an upper surface of the body above the inlet port for use by the automated transport mechanism. An amplification and detection module includes a heating block, a clip with a viewing window for retaining the PCR chip and a detection platform for identifying a content characteristic of interest of the sample fluid.