Planar Rogowski Coil for PCB Current Sensing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional current sensors, such as Rogowski coils, face challenges in accurately measuring currents in multi-phase conductor systems due to magnetic interference from adjacent conductors and are not suitable for planar arrangements on printed circuit boards.

Innovation Solution

A current sensor arrangement featuring spatially extended measuring coils with winding-free connecting sections, allowing for a modified Rogowski coil design that reduces magnetic interference and accommodates current-carrying conductors, while being compatible with printed circuit boards.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a conventional Rogowski coil is used for current measurement, then current detection capability is provided, but magnetic interference from adjacent conductors falsifies the measurement and the toroidal shape cannot accommodate planar PCB arrangements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecurrent measurement accuracyVSAvoidmagnetic interference from adjacent conductors
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The Rogowski coil is segmented into multiple measuring coils arranged in a specific geometric pattern (e.g., triangular, rectangular) on the PCB. Each measuring coil is positioned near a specific conductor, and the coils are electrically connected in series with alternating polarity to achieve vectorial subtraction of interference fields while maintaining sensitivity to the target conductor's current.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The magnetic interference fields from adjacent conductors, which were previously harmful, are converted into a beneficial effect through the alternating polarity connection of the measuring coils. The interference fields from unwanted conductors induce voltages that cancel each other out due to the opposite winding directions, while the target conductor's field adds constructively, thus transforming interference into a selective measurement mechanism.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

2Measurement precision

If a toroidal Rogowski coil shape is used, then current measurement is enabled, but the coil cannot be arranged planarly on printed circuit boards

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecurrent detection capabilityVSAvoidplanar arrangement compatibility
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSShape

Solution Approach 1:

The three-dimensional toroidal coil structure is transformed into a two-dimensional planar arrangement by flattening the coil geometry and distributing the windings across multiple layers of the PCB. The measuring coils are arranged in a geometric pattern on the PCB plane, with windings extending in different directions (e.g., x-axis and y-axis) to maintain the effective area for magnetic flux coupling while achieving planar compatibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Measurement precision

If multiple measuring coils are used to reduce interference, then measurement accuracy improves, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecurrent measurement accuracyVSAvoidnumber of measuring coils and connections
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Multiple measuring coils are electrically merged in series with alternating polarity connections, creating a single integrated sensing element. The PCB traces connect the coils such that their individual outputs combine vectorially, achieving interference rejection and enhanced measurement capability without requiring separate processing circuits or complex signal conditioning for each coil.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively measures currents in multi-phase conductor systems with reduced interference, enabling precise current detection and short-circuit protection in coordination type 2 scenarios, and allows for a space-saving, planar arrangement on printed circuit boards.

Implementation Method 1

an electrical voltage being generated in the measuring coil due to the current flowing in the current-carrying conductor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP3008474B1Current sensor arrangement with measuring coils
Publication Date: 2020.03.04 PHOENIX CONTACT GMBH & CO KG
  • EP3008474B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1C
  • EP3008474B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP3008474B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a current sensor arrangement having a measuring inductance (103), said measuring inductance having the following characteristics: a first measuring coil (105); a second measuring coil (107); the first measuring coil (105) and the second measuring coil (107) being electrically connected in rows and having different coil properties.