Planar Transformer Ring Coil Structure for RF Impedance Matching
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing transformers and BALUNs face challenges in achieving high quality factor Q and reducing magnetic radiation, which are crucial for effective impedance matching and signal conversion in RF ICs.
Innovation Solution
A planar transformer and BALUN structure comprising multiple overlapping planar coils with specific ring structures and connecting sections, allowing for improved symmetry, adjustable inductance, and reduced magnetic radiation through optimized current flow directions and layer arrangements.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional planar coils are used for impedance matching, then the transformer can achieve basic coupling effects, but the quality factor Q is low and magnetic radiation is high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements nested ring structures where inner rings are positioned within outer rings, creating a multi-layered concentric configuration. This nesting arrangement increases the effective inductance and coupling coefficient while containing the magnetic field within a compact footprint, thereby improving quality factor Q and reducing magnetic radiation to surrounding components
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from traditional single-plane coil designs to multi-layer stacked ring structures with vertical separation. By utilizing the third dimension (height/layering) with controlled spacing between layers, the design achieves enhanced inductance and coupling effects without increasing the planar footprint, improving Q factor while confining magnetic radiation vertically
2Adaptability or versatility
If conventional coil designs are used, then the structure is simple, but the inductance adjustment flexibility is limited and impedance matching requirements cannot be easily met
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the coil structure into multiple independent ring segments that can be selectively activated or deactivated. Each ring can be independently controlled to provide discrete inductance values, enabling flexible impedance matching across different operating conditions while maintaining a modular structure that doesn't overly complicate fabrication
Solution Approach 2:
The patent incorporates switchable connections between rings and layers that allow dynamic reconfiguration of the coil topology. This enables the inductance to be adjusted in real-time or during manufacturing to meet specific impedance matching requirements, providing adaptability without permanently fixing the structure to a single configuration
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The proposed structure enhances the quality factor Q and reduces magnetic radiation, facilitating better impedance matching and signal conversion while protecting other components.
Implementation Method 1
A transformer is usually employed in an RF (radio frequency) IC for the purpose of impedance matching for received signals. A transformer inside an IC typically includes planar coils so that impedance matching can be realized by the coupling effects between coils with appropriate turns ratio.
Implementation Method 2
impedance matching can be realized by the coupling effects between coils with appropriate turns ratio
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention discloses structures of a planar transformer and a balanced-to-unbalanced transformer. The structure of the planar transformer includes a first planar coil, a second planar coil and a third planar coil. The first planar coil has a first ring structure, a second ring structure, and a connecting section. The first ring structure and the second ring structure are connected by the connecting section. A range of the second planar coil and a range of the first ring structure at least partially overlap. A range of the third planar coil and a range of the second ring structure at least partially overlap. A transformer is constituted by the first planar coil and the second planar coil or by the first planar coil and the third planar coil.