Planer-Guided Bone Resection With Navigated Pin Placement
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing knee arthroplasty procedures require multiple cutting guides and manual alignment, which can be inaccurate and cumbersome, particularly for bone resections in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Innovation Solution
A method using a planer with a central pin receiving channel, guided by a surgical navigation system and optionally a robot, to accurately place guide pins for bone resection, allowing for precise alignment and reduced guide usage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If multiple cutting guides are used for bone resection, then coverage of different cut surfaces is improved, but device complexity and procedural difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple cutting guide functions into a single integrated cutting guide that can guide multiple cuts (distal femoral cut, anterior femoral cut, posterior femoral cut, and chamfer cuts) using one device with multiple pins, eliminating the need for multiple separate cutting guides
Solution Approach 2:
The cutting guide is designed as a universal device that can perform multiple functions by guiding different types of cuts on the femur using a single guide structure with multiple pins positioned at different locations and angles
2Ease of operation
If manual alignment methods are used for cutting guides, then ease of operation is improved, but manufacturing precision and alignment accuracy deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces manual mechanical alignment with an image-guided navigation system that uses tracking devices and image registration to automatically determine the precise position and orientation of the cutting guide and pins, providing real-time feedback to ensure accurate alignment
Solution Approach 2:
The navigation system creates a virtual copy or model of the patient's anatomy through image registration, allowing the surgical plan to be visualized and transferred to the actual surgical site with high precision, replacing manual alignment measurements
3Manufacturing precision
If graduated pins are used to control resection depth, then manufacturing precision is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses pins with graduated markings that provide visual parameter indicators for resection depth, allowing the surgeon to control the depth of bone resection by observing the position of the pin relative to the bone surface and making adjustments accordingly
Data Source
AI summary
There is provided a method to perform bone resection using a planer. Under guidance of a surgical navigation system, and, optionally, under command of a robotic system, a trackable surgical instrument is guided to a target pose on a target bone. The bone may be a femur or tibia in a TKA. The trackable instrument comprises a drill or a pin guide for mounting a pair of pins, preferably graduated pins to select a resection depth. A pin end is inserted into the planer and the planer operated to resect until the pin end bottoms out. A robot may command movement of the trackable instrument to the target pose. The target pose may be received or determined from surgical pre-planning or intra-operative activities such as tracked measurements, user input, etc. The navigation system presents information such as measurements and/or image overlays to guide the placement.