Plant Fermentation Composition for Oral Immune Checkpoint Suppression
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Current immune checkpoint inhibitors are primarily specific antibodies that do not effectively address the immune checkpoint mechanism, leading to insufficient killer T cell activity against cancer cells, and they do not provide a mechanism for oral administration.
Innovation Solution
A plant fermentation product comprising a mixture of fermented beans, grains, fruits, vegetables, seaweeds, seeds, and mushrooms, which suppresses the expression of immune checkpoints like PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4, offering a novel mechanism distinct from conventional inhibitors.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If specific antibodies are used as immune checkpoint inhibitors, then the immune checkpoint can be inhibited, but the mechanism is insufficient to activate killer T cells effectively and oral administration is not possible
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical structure and molecular type from antibodies to small molecule compounds derived from plant fermentation. This parameter change enables oral administration while maintaining immune checkpoint inhibition through a different molecular mechanism that can be absorbed systemically.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent substitutes the biological mechanism of antibody-receptor binding with a small molecule compound mechanism that can be administered orally and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, replacing the parenteral administration requirement of antibodies.
2Reliability
If specific antibodies are used as immune checkpoint inhibitors, then the immune checkpoint can be inhibited, but killer T cell activity against cancer cells remains insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces plant fermentation compounds as intermediary substances that modulate the immune checkpoint pathway. These compounds act as mediators between the immune system and cancer cells, enhancing killer T cell activity through a mechanism that complements rather than blocks immune checkpoint inhibition.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite plant fermentation products containing multiple bioactive compounds that work synergistically. This composite approach combines different molecular structures and mechanisms of action to simultaneously inhibit immune checkpoints and enhance killer T cell function.
3Adaptability or versatility
If conventional immune checkpoint inhibitors are used, then treatment can be provided, but no substance other than specific antibodies has been reported
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of using antibodies to inhibit immune checkpoints, the patent inverts the approach by using plant-derived small molecule compounds that modulate immune checkpoint expression and function through different biochemical pathways, expanding the diversity of therapeutic substances.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the fundamental parameter of substance type from protein-based antibodies to small molecule compounds, creating a new class of immune checkpoint modulators with different pharmacokinetic properties, administration routes, and mechanisms of action while maintaining treatment efficacy.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The plant fermentation product effectively suppresses immune checkpoints, enhancing killer T cell activity against cancer cells, and can be administered orally, providing treatment, prevention, or improvement of various cancers and reducing adverse reactions from radiotherapy and other cancer treatments.
Implementation Method 1
a plant fermentation product comprising a mixture of the following (a) to (g): (a) a koji mold fermentation product of one or two or more beans or grains... (b) a yeast and/or lactic acid bacterium fermentation product of one or two or more fruits...
Data Source
Figure 1
AI summary
To provide a novel immune checkpoint suppressant that has not been reported before. An immune checkpoint suppressant containing as an active ingredient a plant fermentation product that is a mixture of (a) to (g): (a) a koji mold fermentation product of one or two or more beans or grains selected from the group consisting of barley, black soybean, red rice, black rice, adzuki bean, adlay, Japanese barnyard millet, foxtail millet, and proso millet; (b) a yeast and/or lactic acid bacterium fermentation product of one or two or more fruits selected from the group consisting of mandarin orange, grape, apple, Vitis Coignetiae berry, peach, persimmon, papaya, Japanese pear, watermelon, Japanese apricot, fig, Chinese quince fruit, kabocha squash, kumquat, Yuzu, loquat fruit, apricot, jujube, chestnut, matatabi fruit, and Japanese plum; (c) a yeast and/or lactic acid bacterium fermentation product of one or two or more root vegetables or potatoes selected from the group consisting of purple sweet potato, Jerusalem artichoke, carrot, onion, sweet potato, taro, Japanese wild yam, daikon, red turnip, great burdock, lotus root, yacon, lily bulb, arrowhead, ginger, garlic, and turmeric; (d) a yeast and/or lactic acid bacterium fermentation product of one or two or more flowers or leafy vegetables selected from the group consisting of cabbage, perilla, Morus leaf, fish mint, Japanese mugwort, Sasa veitchii, and dandelion; (e) a yeast and/or lactic acid bacterium fermentation product of one or two or more seaweeds selected from the group consisting of kelp, wakame, and mozuku; (f) a yeast and/or lactic acid bacterium fermentation product of one or two or more seeds selected from the group consisting of black sesame, walnut, and ginkgo nut; and (g) a yeast and/or lactic acid bacterium fermentation product of one or two or more mushrooms selected from the group consisting of maitake and shiitake.