Forward Genetics Screening for Plant Trait Identification

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for evaluating large populations of plants for improved agronomic traits are inefficient and costly due to the need for extensive measurements and environmental control, often relying on expensive and labor-intensive processes that limit the number of evaluations that can be conducted.

Innovation Solution

A forward genetics screening method where a genetically diverse plant population is grown in a common environment to identify plants with enhanced traits, using statistical analysis to determine the significance of observed frequencies compared to expected frequencies, allowing for the identification of genes conferring improved agronomic traits without the need for extensive replicate measurements.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If extensive measurements and environmental control are used to evaluate plant populations, then measurement precision is improved, but productivity deteriorates due to limited number of evaluations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveevaluation accuracyVSAvoidnumber of evaluations
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts the essential evaluation function from complex field trials by using molecular marker genotyping to directly identify plants with desired traits. This eliminates the need for extensive phenotypic measurements and environmental controls, allowing high-throughput screening of large plant populations while maintaining evaluation accuracy through genetic marker association.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention replaces mechanical/physical evaluation methods (field measurements, environmental controls, phenotypic observations) with molecular biological methods (DNA extraction, PCR amplification, marker genotyping). This substitution enables rapid, high-throughput screening of thousands of plants without the constraints of field trial logistics and environmental variability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Reliability

If large number of plants are evaluated systematically with control comparisons, then reliability of trait identification is improved, but device complexity increases due to space requirements and systematic comparisons

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetrait identification accuracyVSAvoidevaluation system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention uses molecular marker copies (DNA sequences) that serve as genetic fingerprints to identify plants with desired traits. By genotyping these marker copies in the laboratory, the system reliably identifies trait-associated plants without needing complex field trial designs, control plots, or systematic spatial comparisons, thereby reducing evaluation system complexity while maintaining reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

3Ease of operation

If marker assisted plant breeding is used to track genetic markers, then ease of operation is improved for identifying genes, but loss of substance increases due to exponential cost increment

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegene tracking efficiencyVSAvoidevaluation cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the operational parameters of marker tracking by using highly polymorphic molecular markers (such as SSR or SNP markers) that provide high discrimination power with minimal markers. This parameter change in marker type and analysis method maintains ease of gene tracking while dramatically reducing costs compared to traditional marker-assisted breeding that requires tracking numerous markers across large populations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentUS8008541B2Phenotypic screen for plants
Publication Date: 2011.08.30 MONSANTO TECHNOLOGY LLC

AI summary

The present invention is directed to a method of identifying plants with enhanced agronomic traits within a larger population of plants grown from a randomly planted set of seeds.