Platelet-Membrane Nanocomposite for Active Tumor Targeting
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current cancer treatments face challenges in delivering nanomaterials to tumor sites due to the dense extracellular matrix, elevated interstitial fluid pressure, and hypoxic zones, limiting the efficacy of monotherapy and metastasis inhibition.
Innovation Solution
A nanocomposite composed of Prussian blue nanoparticles wrapped by a platelet membrane, modified with a cancer cell aptamer and horseradish peroxidase, enhances tumor targeting and accumulation through photothermal therapy and hydrogen peroxide-driven active transport.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If nanomaterials are delivered to tumor cells through conventional methods, then some therapeutic effect is achieved, but the dense extracellular matrix and high interstitial fluid pressure limit delivery efficiency and cause nanomaterial extravasation back into bloodstream
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses platelet membrane as an intermediary carrier that mediates the delivery of nanomaterials to tumor sites. The platelet membrane-coated nanocomposites exploit the natural tumor-homing ability of platelets to navigate through the dense extracellular matrix and accumulate at tumor sites, overcoming the delivery limitations imposed by the tumor microenvironment.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies physical and chemical parameters of the nanomaterials by coating them with platelet membrane, changing their surface properties, size distribution, and biological recognition characteristics. This enables the nanomaterials to evade immune clearance and actively target tumor sites, improving both delivery efficiency and accumulation reliability.
2Device complexity
If monotherapy is used to treat tumors, then treatment simplicity is maintained, but desirable tumor elimination effect and metastasis inhibition cannot be achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates multifunctional nanocomposites that simultaneously perform multiple therapeutic functions: photothermal therapy through gold nanoparticles, chemotherapy through doxorubicin loading, and imaging through fluorescence markers. This multi-functionality integrated into a single platform achieves comprehensive tumor treatment including elimination and metastasis inhibition while maintaining relative treatment simplicity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite nanomaterials combining different functional components (gold nanoparticles, doxorubicin, platelet membrane, fluorescence markers) into a single integrated system. This composite structure enables synergistic effects where each component contributes its specific function, achieving superior tumor elimination and metastasis inhibition compared to monotherapy approaches.
3Reliability
If platelet membrane is used to wrap nanomaterials, then immune clearance is evaded and tumor targeting is enhanced, but the complexity of nanomaterial preparation increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes the self-assembling properties of platelet membranes that naturally wrap around nanomaterials through electrostatic interactions and membrane flexibility. This self-service mechanism reduces the need for complex external assembly procedures, automated control systems, or multiple processing steps, thereby simplifying the overall preparation process while maintaining immune evasion and targeting capabilities.
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure provides a nanocomposite and a preparation method and use thereof. In the present disclosure, the nanocomposite is wrapped with Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB) using a platelet membrane (PM) as a shell; and a surface of the PM is modified with an aptamer of cancer cells and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). An ability of platelets (PLTs) to specifically target cancer cells and inflammatory sites can effectively enhance the accumulation of nanoparticles at tumor sites, and help PB better achieve a desirable photothermal therapy (PTT) under near-infrared light irradiation. In addition, hydrogen peroxide is highly expressed in the tumor microenvironment; the HRP modified on a surface of the nanocomposite can decompose the hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen bubbles, which drive active transport of the nanocomposite, thereby enhancing the accumulation in cancer cells. Modification with the aptamer of cancer cells on a platelet membrane surface enhances cancer cell targeting.