Platinum Complexes with Benzyl-Based Diphosphine Ligands for Alkoxycarbonylation
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Solution Overview
Problem
The high cost of palladium-based complexes for alkoxycarbonylation reactions and the need for a less expensive metal catalyst that maintains high conversion efficiency.
Innovation Solution
Development of platinum complexes with benzyl-based diphosphine ligands, specifically using platinum as the central atom and a compound of formula (I) with certain substituents, for catalyzing alkoxycarbonylation reactions of ethylenically unsaturated compounds.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If palladium-based complexes are used for alkoxycarbonylation reactions, then high conversion efficiency is achieved, but the cost increases significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces expensive palladium catalysts with cheaper platinum complexes that use cost-effective diphosphine ligands. The platinum complexes with specific ligand structures (formula I and II) provide sustained catalytic activity at lower cost, embodying the principle of substituting expensive materials with cheaper alternatives that maintain functionality.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the ligand structure parameters by introducing specific substituents (R1-R6) with varying electronic and steric properties. This includes using electron-donating groups like alkyl and alkoxy, as well as electron-withdrawing groups like halogens and nitro groups. These parameter changes in ligand structure optimize the platinum complex's catalytic performance while reducing costs compared to palladium systems.
2Ease of manufacture
If less expensive metal catalysts are used, then cost decreases, but conversion efficiency may be compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates composite catalyst systems by combining platinum metal centers with specifically designed diphosphine ligands containing aromatic rings and various substituents. This composite structure (platinum + organic ligand framework) synergistically enhances catalytic activity, allowing the cheaper platinum alternative to achieve conversion efficiencies comparable to or exceeding traditional palladium catalysts.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent systematically varies ligand parameters including substituent types (electron-donating vs. electron-withdrawing), substituent positions, and steric bulk to optimize platinum complex performance. These parameter adjustments ensure that the cheaper platinum catalyst maintains high conversion efficiency by fine-tuning the electronic and steric environment around the metal center.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The platinum complexes achieve high conversion rates in alkoxycarbonylation reactions while being more cost-effective than palladium-based systems, with one embodiment showing over 60% conversion, demonstrating their efficacy in catalysis.
Implementation Method 1
The alkoxycarbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds is a process of increasing significance. An alkoxycarbonylation is understood to mean the reaction of ethylenically unsaturated compounds such as olefins with carbon monoxide and alcohols in the presence of a metal or a metal complex and a ligand to give the corresponding esters
Data Source
AI summary
Platinum complexes having benzyl-based diphosphine ligands for the catalysis of the alkoxycarbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds.