Platinum Ferrocene-Diphosphine Catalysts for Cost-Effective Hydroxycarbonylation
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Solution Overview
Problem
The high cost of palladium-based catalysts in hydroxycarbonylation reactions and the need for a less expensive metal center that maintains effective conversion rates.
Innovation Solution
Development of platinum complexes with ferrocene-diphosphine ligands, specifically platinum dichloride (PtCl2) and other platinum compounds, which replace palladium as the central metal atom, facilitating hydroxycarbonylation reactions of ethylenically unsaturated compounds.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If palladium-based catalysts are used for hydroxycarbonylation reactions, then good conversion rates are achieved, but the cost is high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces expensive palladium catalysts with cheaper platinum complexes containing ferrocene-diphosphine ligands. This substitution directly addresses the cost issue while maintaining catalytic functionality for hydroxycarbonylation reactions, embodying the principle of using more affordable materials to achieve the same technical effect.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the catalyst system by changing the metal center from palladium to platinum and incorporating specific ferrocene-diphosphine ligand structures with varying R1, R2, R3, R4 substituents. These parameter changes in the catalyst composition enable cost reduction while preserving or improving conversion rates in hydroxycarbonylation reactions.
2Quantity of substance
If platinum complexes replace palladium, then cost is reduced, but conversion effectiveness must be maintained
Solution Approach 1:
The patent successfully implements the replacement of expensive palladium with cheaper platinum complexes, achieving cost reduction without sacrificing catalytic performance. The ferrocene-diphosphine ligand system ensures that the platinum catalyst maintains high conversion effectiveness, resolving the contradiction between cost and reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates composite catalyst systems by combining platinum metal centers with ferrocene-diphosphine ligand frameworks. This composite structure leverages the synergistic effects of the platinum active site and the ferrocene ligand system, ensuring both cost-effectiveness and high conversion effectiveness in hydroxycarbonylation reactions.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The platinum complexes achieve high conversion yields in hydroxycarbonylation reactions, such as converting 1-octene to its corresponding acid, while being more cost-effective than palladium-based catalysts, as demonstrated by a 41% yield compared to a 13% yield with alternative ligands.
Implementation Method 1
The hydroxycarbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds is a process of increasing significance. A hydroxycarbonylation is understood to mean the direct reaction of ethylenically unsaturated compounds such as olefins with carbon monoxide in the presence of a metal or a metal complex and a ligand to give the corresponding acids
Data Source
AI summary
Platinum complexes having ferrocene-diphosphine ligands for catalysis of the hydroxycarbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds.