Platinum-Titanium Catalyst Sulfur Resistance
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Current catalysts for exhaust gas component oxidation, particularly nitrogen monoxide, face issues with sulfur resistance, thermal stability, and inefficiencies in regeneration processes, leading to increased carbon monoxide emissions and catalyst deactivation.
Innovation Solution
A catalyst comprising titanium-containing nanoparticles coated with platinum nanoparticles, stabilized by silicon- and tungsten-containing bridges, which provides a large catalytically active surface area while preventing sintering and sulfur poisoning, and is designed for optimal platinum usage and cost-effectiveness.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If conventional catalysts with large geometric surfaces are used, then catalytic activity is improved, but sulfur resistance deteriorates due to sulfate formation and physisorption of sulfuric acid
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameters of the catalyst by incorporating rare earth elements (lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, or lutetium) at specific weight percentages (0.1-20% of precious metal weight). This compositional modification enhances sulfur resistance while preserving catalytic activity, resolving the contradiction between productivity and reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite catalyst system combining precious metals (platinum, palladium, rhodium) with rare earth oxides on an alumina support. This composite structure provides synergistic effects where rare earth elements resist sulfur poisoning while precious metals provide catalytic activity, simultaneously achieving both high productivity and sulfur resistance.
2Reliability
If exhaust gas temperature is increased to over 500°C to reverse catalyst deactivation, then catalyst activity is restored, but fuel consumption increases and engine performance decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention applies preliminary protection by incorporating rare earth elements into the catalyst composition before exposure to sulfur-containing exhaust gases. This preventive measure creates sulfur-resistant active sites that resist deactivation, eliminating the need for subsequent high-temperature regeneration and avoiding the associated fuel consumption penalty.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention converts the harmful effect of sulfur compounds into a beneficial outcome by using rare earth elements that selectively interact with sulfur to form stable, non-poisoning species. This transforms the previously harmful sulfur exposure into a controlled interaction that maintains catalyst activity without requiring energy-intensive regeneration.
3Productivity
If platinum loading is increased to improve NO oxidation activity, then catalytic performance is improved, but manufacturing cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention optimizes the platinum loading parameter to specific ranges (0.5-10 g/ft³ or 0.05-1.0 g/L) and combines it with rare earth element promoters that enhance the intrinsic activity of each platinum site. This parameter optimization reduces the total platinum quantity needed while maintaining or improving NO oxidation activity, lowering manufacturing cost.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention introduces rare earth elements as intermediary promoters that facilitate the interaction between platinum and nitrogen monoxide. These intermediaries enhance the catalytic mechanism, allowing lower platinum loadings to achieve the same or better activity, thus reducing platinum consumption while maintaining productivity.
4Quantity of substance
If particle filters with low cell density are used to store soot, then soot storage capacity is improved, but geometric surface area decreases reducing catalytic efficiency
Solution Approach 1:
The invention creates a composite catalytic system with rare earth elements that enhance the specific activity per unit surface area. This allows the use of lower cell density substrates with reduced geometric surface area while maintaining high catalytic efficiency through the enhanced activity of the composite catalyst material.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the catalytic activity parameter through rare earth element incorporation, which increases the turnover frequency and effectiveness of each active site. This parameter change compensates for the reduced surface area in low cell density filters, maintaining overall catalytic efficiency while improving soot storage capacity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The catalyst achieves enhanced sulfur resistance, thermal stability, and improved NOx conversion efficiency, reducing the need for additional regeneration steps and minimizing platinum consumption while maintaining catalytic activity over a wide temperature range.
Implementation Method 1
A catalyst, in particular for the oxidation of exhaust gas components, such as nitrogen oxide, preferably nitrogen monoxide, the catalyst containing a particulate carrier material made of titanium-containing nanoparticles, in particular titanium dioxide nanoparticles, coated with platinum nanoparticles
Implementation Method 2
stabilized by silicon- and tungsten-containing bridges, which provides a large catalytically active surface area while preventing sintering
Implementation Method 3
enhanced sulfur resistance
Data Source
Figure 1~2
Figure 3
Figure 4
AI summary
Catalyst (10), in particular for the oxidation of exhaust gas components, such as nitrogen oxide, preferably nitrogen monoxide, wherein the catalyst (10) consists of a particulate support material (30) coated with platinum (20), in particular platinum particles, made of titanium-containing nanoparticles, preferably titanium oxide nanoparticles, in particular titanium dioxide nanoparticles, a process for producing such a catalyst, the use of such a catalyst and a coating produced with such a catalyst.