Plow-like Soil Disinfection via Wave-guided RF Energy

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current microwave and radiofrequency technologies for agricultural soil disinfection face inefficiencies due to poor energy coupling and high energy losses, particularly because electromagnetic energy is generated above the soil surface and not efficiently transmitted, leading to limited power and mechanical constraints.

Innovation Solution

A system utilizing a plow-like electromagnetic applicator inserted into the soil, connected via low-loss wave-guiding lines, which generates electromagnetic energy above the surface and converts energy losses into steam for co-generation, enhancing energy efficiency and disinfection capacity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If electromagnetic energy is generated above the soil surface using conventional antennas, then the system structure is simpler and easier to implement, but the energy coupling efficiency to the soil is poor and energy losses are high

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem implementation simplicityVSAvoidenergy coupling efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces wave-guiding lines as an intermediary component to transfer electromagnetic energy from the generator to the soil. These waveguides act as a mediator that efficiently couples the electromagnetic field to the soil substrate, resolving the contradiction by providing a structured pathway for energy transfer that maintains both system simplicity and high energy coupling efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces conventional antenna-based electromagnetic coupling with a waveguide-based system. This substitution uses controlled electromagnetic wave propagation through structured transmission lines rather than relying on traditional antenna radiation patterns, thereby achieving superior energy coupling efficiency while maintaining implementation feasibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Loss of energy

If microwave generator units are placed below the soil surface, then energy coupling to the soil is improved, but the space available is limited and mechanical structure becomes complex

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy coupling efficiencyVSAvoidmechanical structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of placing the electromagnetic generator below the soil surface as proposed in prior art, the patent inverts the approach by keeping the generator above the surface and using wave-guiding lines to deliver energy to the soil. This inversion eliminates the need for complex sub-surface housing and protection structures while achieving effective energy coupling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent extracts the electromagnetic generation function from the sub-surface environment and relocates it to the above-surface position. By separating the generator from the soil interface and using waveguides for energy transfer, the system avoids the mechanical complexity and space constraints associated with sub-surface generator placement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Ease of operation

If fuel is used to generate electrical power for electromagnetic generation, then portability is achieved, but additional energy loss occurs during chemical to electrical conversion

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem portabilityVSAvoidenergy conversion efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent captures and utilizes the waste heat generated during fuel-to-electrical energy conversion in the generator. By recovering this otherwise lost thermal energy and redirecting it for soil heating or steam generation, the system converts the harmful energy loss into a beneficial contribution to the overall disinfection process, thereby improving overall energy efficiency while maintaining portability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach achieves high energetic efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and selective disinfection by efficiently coupling electromagnetic energy into the soil while reusing energy losses as heat to generate steam, effectively targeting pathogens.

Implementation Method 1

at least one radiofrequency or microwave generator connected to the electric energy source and arranged to convert the electric energy into electromagnetic power

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic radiation generation: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

the plow-like electromagnetic applicator is arranged to be inserted into the soil so as to transmit the electromagnetic power to the soil, thus obtaining a disinfection of the soil

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDielectric heating: Dielectric Heating

Implementation Method 3

a cooling system arranged to recover heat produced by the at least one radiofrequency or microwave generator during the generation of electromagnetic power

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat recovery: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 4

a steam generator connected to the cooling system and arranged to generate steam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase change: Phase Change

Data Source

PatentEP3416481B1System for the disinfection of agricultural soil
Publication Date: 2021.04.14 POLITECNICO DI TORINO
  • EP3416481B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3416481B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

System (1) for the disinfection of agricultural soil (2) comprising an electric energy source (4, 6), at least one radiofrequency or microwave generator (10) connected to the electric energy source and arranged to convert the electric energy into electromagnetic power and a plow-like electromagnetic applicator (12) connected to the radiofrequency or microwave generator (10) via wave-guiding lines (14), said plow-like electromagnetic applicator (12) being arranged to be inserted into the soil (2) so as to transmit the electromagnetic power to the soil (2), thus obtaining a disinfection of said soil (2).