Plunger Adapter and Detachable Pad for Fixed Chest Compression
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Solution Overview
Problem
Piston-based chest compression systems for cardiac arrest patients often experience diminished effectiveness due to the compression pads shifting position relative to the patient, leading to inadequate blood flow and reduced resuscitation success.
Innovation Solution
A plunger adapter and detachable compression pad system that maintains compression force at a fixed location on the patient's chest, utilizing complementary convex and concave shapes to secure the pad in place, with optional magnetic retention and adjustable decompression forces to prevent tissue damage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Extent of automation
If piston-based chest compression systems are used, then automated chest compressions can be performed, but the compression pads shift position relative to the patient causing diminished effectiveness
Solution Approach 1:
The compression system is divided into separate components: a piston mechanism and a detachable compression pad with plunger adapter. This segmentation allows the pad to be independently positioned and secured on the patient's chest, preventing the walking issue while maintaining automated compression capability through the piston-adapter connection.
Solution Approach 2:
A plunger adapter serves as an intermediary component between the piston and the compression pad. The adapter includes a plunger that engages with the piston and transmits compression force to the pad, while the pad itself remains fixed on the patient's chest. This intermediary structure resolves the contradiction by allowing automated actuation without direct piston contact with the moving pad.
2Adaptability or versatility
If the piston and compression cup move during compression, then they can accommodate chest movement, but they walk up the chest toward the neck or down toward the abdomen reducing effectiveness
Solution Approach 1:
The compression pad is preliminarily positioned and secured to the patient's chest at the correct location (center of sternum) before compression begins. The adhesive backing or securing mechanism holds the pad in place, preventing it from walking during the compression cycle while allowing the plunger to move within the fixed pad boundaries.
3Force
If compression force is applied directly by the piston, then compression effectiveness is maximized, but tissue damage may occur due to inadequate decompression force
Solution Approach 1:
The compression pad is designed with different local properties: a firm contact surface for effective compression force transmission, and an adhesive or securing layer for stable attachment. The plunger adapter also provides localized force transmission while the pad's structure allows for controlled decompression, preventing tissue damage through distributed pressure management.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system ensures consistent and effective chest compressions, maintaining blood flow and potentially extending the duration of successful resuscitation efforts by preventing the piston and compression cup from 'walking' on the patient's chest.
Implementation Method 1
A magnet may be provided in the distal end of the plunger and a corresponding magnet or ferrous material may be included in the proximal end of the plunger adapter to provide a preselected retention force between the plunger and the plunger adapter.
Data Source
AI summary
A plunger adapter and a detachable compression pad for piston driven chest compression devices optimizes the application of chest compressions to a fixed location on a patient's chest. The detachable compression pad may be removably secured to the patient above the patient's sternum to ensure that the compression pressure from the piston through the piston adapter is applied to a fixed location on the patient's chest. As the plunger and plunger adapter retract from the chest, the compression pad remains fixed to the patient's chest, and as the plunger and plunger adapter extend from the chest compression unit for subsequent compression strokes, the distal end of the plunger adapter reengages the compression pad to apply compression to a fixed location on the patient's chest.