PMD Slow-Release Formulation for 24-Hour Insect Repellency
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Current insect repellents have short durations of effectiveness, require frequent application, and can be harmful due to high concentrations of active ingredients, while natural alternatives are too volatile and provide inadequate protection against expanding insect species.
Innovation Solution
A slow-release formulation comprising p-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD), a glycoside, an organic acid, and a divalent metal halide salt, which provides a controlled release of PMD for extended insect repellency, lasting at least 24 hours.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Duration of action of moving object
If increased concentrations of active ingredient are applied to extend protection duration, then the duration of repellent effect is improved, but toxicity and irritancy increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by formulating the active ingredient in a slow-release formulation that pre-establishes a controlled delivery system. The formulation is applied once and maintains effective concentration over time through controlled release mechanisms, eliminating the need for frequent reapplication and avoiding the toxicity associated with high concentrations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the concentration parameter by using a low concentration of active ingredient (0.1-10% w/w) combined with a slow-release formulation. This parameter change transforms the delivery profile from rapid evaporation to controlled release, maintaining effectiveness while reducing harmful effects associated with high concentrations.
2Adaptability or versatility
If traditional repellent products are used to combat daytime feeding mosquitoes, then protection is provided for morning or evening biting species, but multiple applications are required which increases exposure to harmful effects
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements continuity of useful action through a slow-release formulation that provides continuous release of the active ingredient over an extended period (at least 24 hours). This continuous action maintains effective concentration without interruption, providing uninterrupted protection against daytime feeding mosquitoes and eliminating the need for multiple applications.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If natural repellent molecules are used as alternatives to synthetic repellents, then health safety is improved, but volatility increases resulting in short duration of protection
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses composite materials by combining natural repellent molecules (such as plant-derived compounds) with a slow-release formulation system. This composite approach retains the health safety benefits of natural ingredients while the formulation matrix controls volatility and extends duration of protection to at least 24 hours.
4Duration of action of moving object
If synthetic repellent ingredients are used to provide long-lasting protection, then duration of effect is improved, but unpleasant sensory effects and environmental harm increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the concentration parameter to low levels (0.1-10% w/w) and combines it with a slow-release formulation that controls evaporation rate. This parameter change reduces the amount of active ingredient needed, thereby minimizing unpleasant smell and environmental impact while maintaining duration of effect through controlled release.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The formulation achieves a long-lasting insect repellent effect with reduced active ingredient concentration, minimizing odor, irritancy, and environmental impact, while allowing the use of natural repellents that are otherwise too volatile.
Implementation Method 1
PMD, which is active against a wide variety of insects, is the only natural insect repellent recognized by the World Health Organisation, being sufficiently high boiling to allow slow evaporation over a number of hours
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a slow release formulation. It relates also to the use of said repellent formulation, to a method of use thereof, and to a composition comprising said formulation. It further relates to PMD glucovanillin conjugate compound of formula (II), a process for preparing the compound of formula (II), and further to the use of the compound of formula (II) for the controlled release of PMD. It refers also to a process for isolating racemic cis/trans-PMD from an extract containing PMD.