PNA Probe Graphene Oxide Nucleic Acid Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for detecting nucleic acids, such as miRNA, face challenges in multiplexed detection, real-time detection, and high cost, with limitations in stability and sensitivity, particularly in biological samples.
Innovation Solution
A composition comprising a PNA probe adsorbed on graphene oxide with a fluorescent material, allowing for the separation of the PNA probe from the graphene oxide upon hybridization with target nucleic acids, enabling real-time detection and multiplexed analysis through fluorescence emission.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If conventional detection methods (microarray, real-time PCR) are used, then detection can be performed, but multiplexed detection is impossible and real-time detection is difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The invention divides the detection system into multiple PNA probes, each specifically designed to bind to different target nucleic acid sequences. Each probe is labeled with a fluorescent material, enabling simultaneous detection of multiple targets in a single reaction system, thus achieving multiplexed detection while maintaining high reliability through specific probe-target hybridization
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a universal detection platform based on PNA-probe/graphene oxide complexes that can detect multiple different nucleic acid targets simultaneously. The system uses fluorescently-labeled PNA probes that maintain high binding affinity and specificity while enabling real-time monitoring of multiple targets through fluorescence signal changes
2Extent of automation
If conventional detection methods are used, then detection can be performed, but real-time detection is difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The invention enables continuous real-time monitoring of nucleic acid detection through fluorescence-based detection. The PNA probes remain bound to targets and continuously emit fluorescence signals that can be monitored throughout the reaction process, allowing dynamic observation of hybridization events and target amplification in real-time without interruption
Solution Approach 2:
The invention replaces conventional mechanical or chemical detection methods with fluorescence-based optical detection. The fluorescent materials attached to PNA probes provide continuous optical signals that can be detected in real-time, eliminating the need for intermittent sampling or complex mechanical detection systems
3Measurement precision
If conventional detection methods are used, then detection can be performed, but cost of detection is high
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the detection parameters by using fluorescent materials with high quantum yield and appropriate excitation/emission wavelengths that can be detected with standard equipment. The PNA probes are designed with optimized sequences and lengths to maximize binding affinity and minimize non-specific binding, achieving high detection sensitivity while using cost-effective fluorescent labels
4Stability of the object's composition
If PNA probe is adsorbed on graphene oxide, then stability is improved, but fluorescent signal detection is hindered due to quenching
Solution Approach 1:
The invention applies preliminary action by pre-adsorbing the PNA probe onto the graphene oxide surface before introducing the target nucleic acid. This pre-adsorption stabilizes the probe and positions it optimally for target binding. Upon hybridization with the target, the probe-target complex detaches from the graphene surface, restoring fluorescence signal
Solution Approach 2:
The invention converts the harmful fluorescence quenching effect of graphene oxide into a beneficial detection mechanism. The quenching effect is used to create a 'off' state for the fluorescent signal when the probe is bound to graphene oxide. Upon target hybridization and probe release, the fluorescence turns 'on', providing a clear signal change that indicates successful detection
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables real-time observation of target nucleic acids and their expression patterns, facilitates high-throughput screening for medicinal substances, and provides cost-effective, stable, and sensitive detection of miRNA, with the ability to penetrate cells and quantify nucleic acid presence.
Implementation Method 1
Graphene oxide (GO), which is an oxidized form of graphene, is capable of quenching a fluorescence signal of organic fluorescent pigments through FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer).
Implementation Method 2
the nucleic acid as a target material is combined with the PNA probe so that the PNA probe is separated from the graphene oxide and a fluorescent light is emitted from the fluorescent material
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates a composition, including an RNA probe which contains a fluorescence material absorbed in graphene oxide, for detecting a nucleic acid, and to a method for detecting a nucleic acid using the composition. By means of the composition and the method, the presence and expression pattern of a target nucleic acid in a sample or a cell can be observed in real time, and a plurality of target nucleic acids can be detected in multitude.