Pneumatic Membrane Load Tester for PV Modules

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for testing the structural integrity of photovoltaic modules under environmental loads such as wind, ice, and snow are inadequate, as they either lack uniformity or are not efficiently automated, which can lead to inconsistent results and increased testing time.

Innovation Solution

A device and method utilizing a tub with a membrane and a bed of media, such as plastic balls, that applies a uniform force to a planar surface by displacing the membrane with pressurized fluid, coupled with force sensors and an electronic control unit for precise control and monitoring of the applied force, allowing for standardized testing protocols like UL 1703 and IEC 61646.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If sandbags are stacked onto the planar solar-exposed surface of a PV module for testing, then the structural integrity can be tested under static load, but the testing method lacks uniformity and automation leading to inconsistent results and increased testing time

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetesting consistencyVSAvoidtesting time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the manual mechanical system of stacking sandbags with an automated pneumatic system. Pressurized fluid is introduced into a cavity beneath the membrane, causing it to deflect and apply a uniformly distributed load to the PV module surface. This substitution eliminates manual intervention, ensures consistent force application, and enables automated testing cycles, directly resolving the contradiction between testing consistency and testing time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs pneumatic pressure to deflect the membrane and apply load to the PV module. By controlling the pressurized fluid input, the system can precisely regulate the magnitude and distribution of the applied force. This pneumatic mechanism provides uniform, repeatable, and automated loading, improving both testing consistency and reducing testing time compared to manual sandbag stacking.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

2Measurement precision

If conventional testing methods are used without uniform force distribution, then the testing setup is simple, but the results are inconsistent and lack precision

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveforce distribution uniformityVSAvoidtesting device structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses a flexible membrane as an intermediary between the pressurized fluid and the PV module surface. The membrane distributes the pneumatic pressure uniformly across its surface area, ensuring consistent force application to the module. This flexible film approach achieves high measurement precision regarding force distribution while keeping the overall device structure relatively simple and elegant.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

3Extent of automation

If manual testing procedures are employed, then the device complexity is low, but the automation and repeatability of testing are insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetesting automationVSAvoiddevice structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Extent of automationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces manual mechanical testing operations with an automated pneumatic system controlled by fluid pressure. The system can be integrated with control mechanisms to automate the testing cycle, including pressure application, holding, and release. This substitution significantly increases the extent of automation while maintaining a relatively simple device structure based on basic pneumatic components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables efficient, automated, and repeatable testing of photovoltaic modules by applying a uniform force across a two-dimensional surface, enhancing the ability to withstand environmental loads and providing detailed test results, thus improving the reliability and speed of structural integrity assessments.

Implementation Method 1

introducing a pressurized fluid into a portion of the cavity that is disposed between the membrane and the bottom wall to displace at least a portion of the membrane away from the bottom wall

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluid pressure: Pressure Increase

Implementation Method 2

A bed of media is disposed within the cavity on top of the membrane such that displacement of the membrane away from the bottom wall results in displacement of at least a portion of the bed of media away from the bottom wall and into engagement with the planar surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMechanical force transmission: Force

Data Source

PatentEP2601508B1Device and method for applying a force to a planar surface and for testing its structural integrity
Publication Date: 2024.10.09 UL LLC
  • EP2601508B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2601508B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP2601508B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A device (10) for applying a force to a planar surface (42) includes a tub (12), a cavity, a membrane (14), and an opening. The tub includes a bottom wall (24), at least one sidewall(26), and a cavity(28) defined between the bottom (24) and sidewalls (26). The membrane (14) is disposed within the cavity (28) and a perimeter edge of the membrane (14) is fixed to the tub (12). The opening (30) is formed in the tub (12) and adapted to receive a pressurized fluid to fill a portion (28a) of the cavity (28) below the membrane (14) to displace at least a portion of the membrane (14) away from the bottom wall (24) to apply a force to the planar surface (42).