Hardware Pointer Revocation Pipeline for Temporal Memory Safety

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for improving temporal memory safety in computing systems often result in significant performance loss and memory usage, making them impractical for applications requiring low latency, such as vehicle safety systems.

Innovation Solution

A hardware revocation engine with a pipeline architecture that shares memory access with the main processor, allowing for efficient and low-latency scanning and invalidation of pointers to deallocated memory, utilizing a shadow memory system to track memory deallocation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If software-based pointer revocation methods are used to ensure temporal memory safety, then memory safety is improved, but performance loss increases and memory usage increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemporal memory safetyVSAvoidperformance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces software-based pointer revocation mechanisms with a hardware-based revocation engine that operates in parallel with the main processor. This hardware engine includes a revocation pipeline with multiple stages that can scan and invalidate pointers to deallocated memory without blocking the main processor, thereby maintaining memory safety while minimizing performance impact.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The revocation pipeline is divided into multiple stages (first stage, second stage, etc.) that operate in parallel cycles. Each stage performs specific functions such as loading pointer values, checking shadow memory, and invalidating pointers. This segmentation allows the system to process multiple pointers simultaneously, improving throughput while maintaining safety.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Reliability

If software-based pointer revocation methods are used to ensure temporal memory safety, then memory safety is improved, but memory usage increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemporal memory safetyVSAvoidmemory usage
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a hardware revocation engine with dedicated shadow memory that operates independently from the main memory system. This hardware-based approach uses specialized circuits and registers to track and revoke pointers, reducing the need for additional software data structures and minimizing overall memory consumption while maintaining safety guarantees.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Productivity

If a hardware revocation engine with parallel pipeline is used, then performance impact is reduced, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveperformanceVSAvoidhardware complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The revocation pipeline is integrated into the existing processor architecture, sharing resources such as the memory interface and operating in parallel with the main processor pipeline. This merging approach allows the system to benefit from hardware-accelerated pointer revocation while utilizing existing infrastructure, thereby reducing the overall complexity increase compared to a completely separate hardware system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Data Source

PatentEP4537207B1Hardware revocation engine for temporal memory safety
Publication Date: 2026.01.21 MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC
  • EP4537207B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4537207B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4537207B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A hardware revocation engine for invalidating a pointer, that refers to a deallocated object, from memory in a memory constrained system. The hardware revocation engine has a revocation pipeline coupled to a pipeline of a main processor of the memory constrained system. The revocation pipeline shares access to memory with the main pipeline, the revocation pipeline comprising at least a first stage and a subsequent second stage. In a first cycle of the revocation pipeline, the first stage of the revocation pipeline loads a first pointer-sized value from the memory. In a second cycle: the second stage checks whether the first loaded pointer-sized value is a pointer referring to deallocated memory. In a third cycle: in response to the outcome of the check indicating that the first loaded pointer-sized value is a pointer referring to deallocated memory, the first stage invalidates the first pointer-sized value.