Moving Object Pointing Angle Determination via Trajectory Curvature

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing radar tracking systems for vehicles lack the ability to accurately determine the orientation or pointing angle of moving objects, which is crucial for collision avoidance and autonomous vehicle control, as they assume the orientation is aligned with the velocity vector of the object's centroid.

Innovation Solution

A method and system that utilize a tracking device with a processor to calculate the pointing angle of a moving object by determining the product of trajectory curvature and distance, combined with a low-pass filter, to provide a more accurate estimation of the object's orientation, improving object tracking and vehicle control systems.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If radar tracking devices assume orientation is aligned with velocity vector of centroid, then device complexity is reduced, but measurement precision of pointing angle deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice complexityVSAvoidmeasurement precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the object tracking into multiple reference points (at least two) distributed across the object rather than using a single centroid. This segmentation allows calculation of orientation through the geometric relationship between multiple points, improving pointing angle measurement precision while maintaining reasonable device complexity through software-based processing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from one-dimensional centroid velocity vector assumption to two-dimensional spatial relationship analysis by using coordinates of multiple reference points. This dimensional change enables accurate orientation determination through geometric calculations (slopes, angles) between points, resolving the contradiction between simplicity and precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Measurement precision

If multiple reference points are used to determine pointing angle, then measurement precision improves, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement precisionVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces an intermediary computational approach using geometric relationships (slopes, angles, perpendicular bisectors) as mediators between the reference points and the final orientation calculation. This intermediary mathematical framework enables high measurement precision through systematic processing of multiple points without requiring complex hardware modifications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces potential mechanical complexity with computational mathematics. Instead of using complex mechanical orientation sensors or multiple physical measurement devices, the solution uses mathematical algorithms (slope calculations, angle computations, perpendicular bisector intersections) to derive orientation from positional data of multiple reference points.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Measurement precision

If pointing angle is accurately determined using trajectory curvature and distance, then measurement precision improves, but loss of time increases due to additional calculations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement precisionVSAvoidloss of time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary calculations of trajectory curvature and distance metrics from the collected reference point data before computing the final pointing angle. By pre-calculating these intermediate values (curvature κ, distance d), the system optimizes the computational flow, reducing the time penalty of additional calculations while maintaining high measurement precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent maintains continuous tracking and calculation by using the most recent reference point positions and updating the pointing angle determination in a continuous manner. This continuous action approach ensures that the system processes data efficiently over time, minimizing computational delays while providing updated orientation information.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Data Source

PatentEP3537174B1Method and system for determining the pointing angle of a moving object
Publication Date: 2023.05.03 APTIV TECHNOLOGIES LTD
  • EP3537174B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3537174B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3537174B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

An illustrative example method of tracking a moving object includes determining a heading angle of a centroid of the object from a tracking device, determining a raw difference value corresponding to a difference between a pointing angle of a selected feature on the object and the heading angle, wherein the raw difference is based on a trajectory curvature of the centroid from the tracking device and a distance between the centroid and the selected feature, determining a filtered difference between the pointing angle and the heading angle using a low pass filter, and determining the pointing angle by subtracting the filtered difference from the heading angle.