Poisson RACH Preamble Distribution for 5G Collision Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
In 5G networks, the uniform distribution-based channel access mechanism for random access channels leads to increased collisions among user equipment (UEs) due to simultaneous channel access, which is inefficient as the number of connected devices grows, causing resource constraints and reliability issues.
Innovation Solution
Implementing a Poisson process-based random access channel (RACH) mechanism that uses a continuous exponential distribution for RA preambles, allowing UEs to select preambles between defined boundaries with a constant parametric rate, reducing collisions and improving channel access efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If uniform distribution-based channel access mechanism is used, then ease of operation is maintained, but collision rate increases among UEs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the distribution parameter from uniform to Poisson-based exponential distribution. This transforms the random variable generation method while maintaining the randomness requirement, thereby reducing collisions among UEs selecting preambles while preserving ease of operation through automated selection.
2Quantity of substance
If more UEs are connected to the network, then network capacity increases, but collision probability increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies exponential distribution based on Poisson process to model UE arrivals and preamble selections. This parameter change in the distribution function better captures the statistical behavior of large numbers of UEs, reducing collisions while supporting increased network capacity.
3Reliability
If continuous exponential distribution is used for preamble selection, then collision rate decreases, but computational complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent leverages the natural properties of Poisson process and exponential distribution to enable UEs to autonomously select preambles based on their arrival timing. The mathematical properties of the distribution provide the collision-reduction mechanism without requiring complex centralized control or iterative calculations at each UE.
Data Source
AI summary
Methods and systems for random-access channel in 5G networks is described. In one aspect, a method for a contention based-random access (CB-RA) through a random access channel (RACH) is disclosed. A base station may configure a set of RA preambles for CB-RA in a configuration information. The base station may distribute the set of RA preambles between a defined first boundary and a second boundary using a continuous exponential distribution (ED) in the configuration information. The base station distributes the RA preambles to occur continuously and independently with a constant parametric rate between the first boundary and the second boundary. The at least one User Equipment (UE) receives the configuration information. The at least one UE selects and communicates at least one RA preamble from the set of RA preambles. The base station may receive the selected at least one RA preamble from the at least one UE.