Polar Encoding Special Nodes for Lower-Complexity Codeword Generation

Solution Overview

Problem

Polar codes, despite being theoretically efficient, face challenges in practical implementation due to high computational requirements and power consumption, which hinders their effectiveness in reducing bit error rate and optimizing power usage in data transmission systems.

Innovation Solution

The introduction of special nodes in the encoding process allows for direct computations instead of series of operations, reducing the number of computations needed to generate codewords, thereby improving the reliability and throughput of digital communications.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the original polar code encoding algorithm is used, then channel capacity is achieved with implementable complexity, but the number of computations and power consumption are significant

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvechannel capacity achievementVSAvoidpower consumption

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The encoding process is segmented into two distinct parts: (1) identifying special nodes in the binary tree representation of the encoding process, and (2) performing direct computations only at these special nodes rather than at all nodes. This segmentation allows the system to achieve channel capacity while significantly reducing the number of computations and power consumption by focusing operations only where necessary.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The invention extracts and identifies specific nodes (special nodes) from the complete binary tree of the encoding process. These special nodes are characterized by having both input and output bit channels with capacity near one. By extracting only these critical nodes for computation, the system reduces overall computational complexity and power consumption while maintaining the reliability needed to achieve channel capacity.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

2Reliability

If the original polar code encoding algorithm is used, then channel capacity is achieved with implementable complexity, but the number of computations and power consumption are significant

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvechannel capacity achievementVSAvoidcomputational complexity

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The encoding process is segmented into two distinct parts: (1) identifying special nodes in the binary tree representation of the encoding process, and (2) performing direct computations only at these special nodes rather than at all nodes. This segmentation allows the system to achieve channel capacity while significantly reducing the number of computations and power consumption by focusing operations only where necessary.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The invention extracts and identifies specific nodes (special nodes) from the complete binary tree of the encoding process. These special nodes are characterized by having both input and output bit channels with capacity near one. By extracting only these critical nodes for computation, the system reduces overall computational complexity and power consumption while maintaining the reliability needed to achieve channel capacity.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Productivity

If special nodes are used for encoding, then the number of computations is reduced, but the encoding process requires identification of special arrangements

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveencoding efficiencyVSAvoidspecial arrangement identification

Core Design Contradiction:

ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary identification of special nodes and their special arrangements before the actual encoding computation. By pre-identifying which nodes are special and what arrangements they represent, the system prepares the encoding process in advance, allowing for efficient direct computations at these nodes without requiring complex real-time decisions during the encoding operation.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentUS11791844B2Systems and methods for using special nodes for polar encoding in polar codes

Publication Date: 2023.10.17 HUAWEI TECH CO LTD

AI summary

Methods and encoders for encoding information bits to generate codewords for transmission across a communication channel are described. The method includes receiving input data comprising bits of information bits and frozen bits. Each bit has a value. Further, the method identifies at least one special arrangement in a subset of input data depending on locations of the information bits and the frozen bits. This subset of input data is of length L. The subset of input data has at least one special arrangement that enables direct computations instead of a series of computations to determine a preliminary output. The method generates a codeword for the input data from the preliminary output.