Polarization-Selective Lens Stacks for AR Depth Alignment

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional augmented reality (AR) systems struggle to provide a comfortable and natural presentation of virtual image elements amidst real-world imagery due to challenges in simulating realistic depth perception, often causing discomfort through mismatches between accommodative and vergence states in the user's eyes.

Innovation Solution

The use of adaptive lens assemblies with polarization-selective lens stacks, comprising birefringent and isotropic lenses, and switchable waveplates, allow for variable optical power to modify wavefront divergence, providing virtual depth planes and correcting for distortions, thereby aligning accommodative and vergence cues.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If conventional AR systems present virtual image elements without modifying wavefront divergence, then the system structure remains simple, but the user experiences discomfort due to mismatches between accommodative and vergence states

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveuser comfortVSAvoidoptical system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic optical power adjustment through adaptive lens assemblies that can change their focusing properties in real-time. The system uses variable optical power elements that can be dynamically controlled to modify wavefront divergence, allowing the optical system to adapt to different viewing conditions and align accommodative-vergence cues, thereby resolving the technical contradiction between user comfort and system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes optical parameters by introducing elements with variable optical power that can modify wavefront divergence. By adjusting parameters such as refractive index, lens curvature, and optical power dynamically, the system creates multiple virtual depth planes and aligns accommodative-vergence cues, improving user comfort while managing system complexity through controlled parameter modification.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Adaptability or versatility

If multiple waveguides are used to provide different virtual depth planes, then depth perception is improved, but the device complexity and computational power requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevirtual depth planesVSAvoidnumber of waveguides
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a single waveguide structure that performs multiple functions by combining it with adaptive lens assemblies capable of variable optical power. This universal approach allows one waveguide to provide multiple virtual depth planes through dynamic lens adjustment, eliminating the need for multiple separate waveguides and reducing overall system complexity while maintaining adaptability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses dynamic lens elements with variable optical power that can be adjusted in real-time to create different virtual depth planes within a single waveguide system. This dynamic capability allows the system to provide multiple depth planes without requiring multiple static waveguides, thereby reducing device complexity while maintaining versatility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Ease of operation

If adaptive lens assemblies with variable optical power are implemented, then wavefront divergence is corrected and accommodative-vergence alignment is achieved, but the manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaccommodative-vergence alignmentVSAvoidlens alignment precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements feedback mechanisms that use eye tracking and optical sensing to monitor the user's accommodative and vergence states in real-time. This feedback information is used to dynamically adjust the optical power of lens elements, allowing the system to achieve and maintain accommodative-vergence alignment adaptively, thereby reducing the stringency of fixed manufacturing precision requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses variable optical power elements whose parameters can be adjusted dynamically after manufacturing. By allowing post-manufacturing parameter adjustment and real-time optimization, the system can achieve high precision accommodative-vergence alignment without requiring extremely tight manufacturing tolerances, thus resolving the contradiction between alignment quality and manufacturing precision requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances the realism and comfort of AR experiences by aligning accommodative and vergence states, reducing the need for multiple waveguides and minimizing computational power requirements.

Implementation Method 1

The birefringent lens has an optical axis and a birefringence (Δn) and is configured to exert a first optical power to light having a polarization direction parallel to the optical axis. The birefringent lens is also configured to exert a second optical power to light having a polarization direction perpendicular to the optical axis.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBirefringence: Birefringence

Implementation Method 2

The switchable waveplate is configured to rotate a polarization direction of incident light by 0° or by 90° in response to an applied voltage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLiquid crystal electro-optic effect: Electro-Optic Effects

Implementation Method 3

allow for variable optical power to modify wavefront divergence, providing virtual depth planes

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical refraction: Refraction

Data Source

PatentEP3762770B1Adaptive lens assemblies including polarization-selective lens stacks for augmented reality display
Publication Date: 2025.09.24 MAGIC LEAP INC
  • EP3762770B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3762770B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3762770B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3C

AI summary

The present disclosure relates to display systems and, more particularly, to augmented reality display systems. In one aspect, an adaptive lens assembly includes a lens stack configured to exert polarization-dependent optical power to linearly polarized light. The lens stack includes a birefringent lens and an isotropic lens contacting each other to form a conformal interface therebetween. The adaptive lens assembly is configured to be selectively switched between a plurality of states having different optical powers.