Polarized Radar Antenna Layout for Low-Coupling 3D Positioning
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional radar systems face limitations in range due to coupling between transmitting and receiving antennas, which is exacerbated by increased emitted power, and cross-polarized antennas reduce signal levels from non-polarizing targets, limiting SNR and range.
Innovation Solution
A radar system with a combination of receiving antennas oriented in parallel and cross-polarization, using a cross-polarized antenna as a shield for parallel-polarized antennas, arranged to minimize coupling and maximize SNR, allowing increased emitted power without significant noise increase.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If the emitted power is increased to improve the signal level and range, then the signal level increases, but the coupling level also increases proportionally, limiting the SNR improvement
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies different polarisation orientations to different receiving antennas based on their specific spatial locations relative to the transmitting antenna. Antennas positioned where coupling would be high are assigned cross-polarisation to reject coupling, while antennas in positions with naturally low coupling use parallel-polarisation to maximize signal reception. This local differentiation resolves the contradiction by allowing high emitted power without uniform coupling penalties across all antennas.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the polarisation parameter of receiving antennas dynamically based on their spatial position and coupling characteristics. By adjusting the polarisation orientation parameter for each antenna individually, the system can increase emitted power while maintaining acceptable coupling levels through selective polarisation matching, thereby improving SNR without being constrained by uniform coupling limitations.
2Object-generated harmful factors
If cross-polarised antennas are used to reduce coupling, then the coupling level decreases, but the signal level from non-polarizing targets also decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent assigns different polarisation characteristics to different receiving antennas based on their local coupling conditions. Rather than uniformly applying cross-polarisation to all antennas, the system selectively applies cross-polarisation only to antennas positioned where coupling would be problematic, while leaving other antennas in parallel-polarisation to capture signals from non-polarizing targets. This resolves the contradiction by localizing the coupling reduction strategy to where it is most needed.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the receiving antenna array into different functional groups based on their spatial positions and coupling characteristics. Some antennas are designated for coupling rejection (cross-polarised), while others are designated for signal maximization (parallel-polarised). This segmentation allows the system to simultaneously achieve both coupling reduction and signal preservation by distributing different polarisation strategies across different antenna segments.
3Object-generated harmful factors
If the transmitting and receiving antennas are separated to reduce coupling, then the coupling level decreases, but the system size increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the polarisation parameter of receiving antennas to reject coupling signals without requiring increased physical separation between transmitting and receiving antennas. By utilizing polarisation orthogonality, the system achieves coupling reduction while maintaining a compact form factor, resolving the contradiction between coupling reduction and system size constraints.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system enhances SNR and range by minimizing coupling, enabling precise 2D or 3D positioning of objects, particularly those with minimal polarization modification, using a simple and cost-effective configuration.
Implementation Method 1
a first receiving antenna of the plurality of receiving antennas is arranged with respect to the emitting antenna so as to shield at least one antenna of the rest of the plurality of receiving antennas
Implementation Method 2
the plurality of receiving antennas comprises at least three antennas, distributed along the at least one axis; a first receiving antenna of the plurality of receiving antennas is arranged with respect to the emitting antenna so as to shield at least one antenna of the rest of the plurality of receiving antennas; the at least one receiving antenna shielded by the first receiving antenna has parallel-polarisation orientation with respect to the emitting antenna, and the rest of receiving antennas has cross-polarisation orientation with respect to the emitting antenna
Data Source
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AI summary
A radar system (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e) comprising: - a polarised emitting antenna (10) for radiating a signal; - a plurality of receiving antennas (11, 12, 13, 14, 15) for receiving the signal emitted by the emitting antenna; and - a radar processor (20) for analysing and processing the signal emitted by the emitting antenna and the signals received at the plurality of receiving antennas; wherein - the plurality of receiving antennas is aligned in at least one axis (31, 32) and comprises at least three antennas, distributed along the at least one axis; - a first receiving antenna (11) of the plurality of receiving antennas is arranged with respect to the emitting antenna to shield at least one antenna of the rest of the plurality of receiving antennas; - the at least one receiving antenna shielded by the first receiving antenna has parallel-polarisation orientation with respect to the emitting antenna, and the rest of receiving antennas has cross-polarisation orientation with respect to the emitting antenna.