3D Pollutant Mapping via Wireless Positioning and Adaptive Sampling
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing air purifiers are unable to effectively determine which parts of an indoor space have higher or lower concentrations of pollutants, limiting their ability to improve indoor air quality.
Innovation Solution
A positioning pollutant-measuring system that includes a cloud server, wireless base stations, an automatic moving vehicle, and a positioning pollutant-measuring device, which uses wireless communication and sensors to measure pollutant concentrations and air flow rates in three-dimensional space.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If air purifiers are used to remove indoor air pollutants, then the overall pollutant concentration is reduced, but the specific locations with higher or lower pollutant concentrations cannot be identified
Solution Approach 1:
The indoor space is divided into multiple three-dimensional locations through systematic measurement at different heights (0.3m, 1.05m, 1.8m) and horizontal positions. The pollutant concentration field is segmented into discrete measurement points, allowing identification of specific high-concentration zones rather than treating the space as a uniform volume.
Solution Approach 2:
The system transitions from traditional single-point or planar measurement to three-dimensional spatial measurement. By incorporating vertical height dimensions and using wireless base station positioning, the system creates a comprehensive 3D map of pollutant distribution, enabling precise location identification of pollutant sources and accumulation zones.
2Productivity
If uniform pollutant measurement is performed throughout the indoor space, then comprehensive data is obtained, but the measurement resolution and resource allocation are inefficient
Solution Approach 1:
The system implements variable measurement resolution based on local pollutant characteristics. Areas with higher pollutant concentrations or greater variability receive denser measurement sampling, while low-concentration uniform areas use coarser sampling. This adaptive approach optimizes resource allocation while maintaining measurement precision where it matters most.
Solution Approach 2:
The measurement system dynamically adjusts its sampling strategy based on real-time conditions. The automatic moving vehicle adapts its measurement path and frequency based on detected pollutant gradients, concentrating measurements in high-variability zones and reducing measurements in stable low-concentration areas, thereby improving overall measurement efficiency.
3Loss of information
If manual pollutant measurement methods are used, then equipment complexity is reduced, but the ability to map three-dimensional pollutant distribution is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
Wireless base stations serve as intermediary positioning infrastructure, enabling the automatic moving vehicle to determine its three-dimensional location without complex onboard positioning systems. The base stations provide reference signals that allow accurate spatial mapping of pollutant concentrations, preserving complete spatial distribution information while simplifying the measurement device design.
Solution Approach 2:
The automatic moving vehicle autonomously navigates through the indoor space, automatically collecting and transmitting pollutant measurement data with associated location information. The system performs self-positioning using wireless base station signals, eliminating the need for manual positioning operations and enabling comprehensive three-dimensional mapping without human intervention.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system provides detailed three-dimensional distribution of pollutant concentrations over time, enabling targeted improvements in indoor air quality by identifying areas with higher pollutant levels.
Implementation Method 1
obtain from the wireless base station reference signal received power (RSRP), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs), packet round-trip time (RTT), signal angles of arrival, signal emission angles of departure
Implementation Method 2
measure the concentrations of the pollutants corresponding to the different locations at different time points
Implementation Method 3
measure the air flow rates of the different locations in the physical environment
Implementation Method 4
calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the different locations based on the RSRP, the SINRs, the packet RTT, the signal angles of arrival, the signal emission angles of departure, and the location of the wireless base station
Data Source
AI summary
A positioning pollutant-measuring system includes a cloud server, a wireless base station, an automatic moving vehicle, and a positioning pollutant-measuring device. The automatic moving vehicle carries the positioning pollutant-measuring device and passes through different locations. The positioning pollutant-measuring device receives location related parameters from the wireless base station and measures the air flow rates or the air humidity of the different locations to adjust a resolution for measuring pollutants corresponding to the different locations. The positioning pollutant-measuring device measures the concentrations of pollutants corresponding to the different locations at different time points based on the resolution, transmits the concentrations, the different time points, and the location related parameters to the cloud server through the wireless base station, so as to calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the different locations, and combines the three-dimensional coordinates with the corresponding time points and concentrations.