Poly/mono-hypophosphite hydrogen diphosphite compound, and preparation and use thereof
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing flame retardants like phosphorous acid and hydrogen phosphite suffer from strong acidity, water solubility, and low phosphorus content, limiting their effectiveness and causing degradation of high polymer materials and equipment corrosion.
Innovation Solution
A condensate of poly/mono-phosphorous acid and hydrogen phosphite is synthesized through a specific preparation method involving dissolution, low-temperature drying, high-temperature dehydration, and washing to achieve a compound with high phosphorus content, low water absorption, and improved thermal stability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If phosphorous acid or hydrogen phosphite is used as a flame retardant, then phosphorus content is high, but strong acidity and water solubility cause degradation of high polymer materials and equipment corrosion
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a composite material by condensing phosphorous acid with metal salts (such as aluminum, calcium, magnesium salts) to form metal phosphonates or polyphosphonates. This composite structure combines the high phosphorus content of phosphorous acid with the stability of metal salts, achieving both flame retardancy and reduced acidity/water solubility that causes corrosion and material degradation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of phosphorous acid through condensation reactions, transforming it from a small molecule acid (H3PO3) into condensed structures (metal phosphonates, polyphosphonates) with different physical and chemical properties. This parameter change reduces water solubility and acidity while maintaining or enhancing phosphorus content and flame retardant effectiveness.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If conventional phosphite is used as a flame retardant, then acidity and water solubility are reduced, but phosphorus content is low and water absorption remains
Solution Approach 1:
The patent develops composite materials through condensation of phosphorous acid with metal salts, creating metal phosphonates and polyphosphonates that achieve both low acidity/water solubility and high phosphorus content, overcoming the limitations of conventional phosphite compounds.
Solution Approach 2:
Through condensation reactions, the patent transforms the molecular structure to achieve optimal parameter balance: reduced water solubility and acidity compared to phosphorous acid, while maintaining higher phosphorus content than conventional phosphite compounds.
3Ease of manufacture
If flame retardants are processed at high temperature (exceeding 320°C) through kneading and extrusion, then polymer melting and mixing are achieved, but flame retardant synergist decomposition occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The condensation reaction transforms phosphorous acid into condensed structures with significantly enhanced thermal stability. The resulting metal phosphonates and polyphosphonates can withstand processing temperatures exceeding 320°C without decomposition, enabling standard polymer processing while maintaining flame retardant effectiveness.
4Quantity of substance
If phosphorous acid is used directly, then phosphorus content is high, but water absorption is high causing migration precipitation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent forms composite materials by condensing phosphorous acid with metal salts to create metal phosphonates and polyphosphonates. These condensed structures have significantly reduced water absorption compared to phosphorous acid, preventing migration and precipitation while maintaining high phosphorus content for effective flame retardancy.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The condensate exhibits excellent flame retardancy, low acidity, and low water absorption, making it an effective synergist for enhancing the flame retardant efficiency of high polymer materials, particularly when compounded with diethyl phosphate aluminum.
Implementation Method 1
performing dehydration reaction on the dried product obtained in the step (2) in an inert atmosphere or under vacuum conditions at 200-300°C
Implementation Method 2
terminating the dehydration reaction when a temperature corresponding to a thermal weight loss of 2 wt% of the product is greater than 400°C
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention discloses a crystalline aluminum phosphite, preparation and an application thereof. The compound has the following structural formula (I): where, x is an integer of 1-6; n, y and p are an integer of 1-4; M is Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Sn or Ti. The preparation method includes: after dissolving phosphorous acid and hydrogen phosphite into water, adding concentrated phosphoric acid for reaction at 80-90°C, then performing drying at low temperature, dehydration reaction at high temperature, washing and drying. The compound has very high thermal decomposition temperature, high phosphorus content, and good flame retardant property, low water absorption and low acidity; moreover, the compound can serve as a halogen-free flame retardant component of high polymer materials.