Poly-oxa-alkane diesel additive reduces soot and toxicity

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current diesel fuels face challenges such as high soot formation, reduced ignitability, toxicity, and volatility of oxygen-containing fuel additives, which affect combustion efficiency and compliance with emissions standards.

Innovation Solution

The use of poly-oxa-alkanes as fuel additives, specifically those with the general formula (I), in combination with fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), to reduce soot formation and improve combustion efficiency while being free of toxic components and maintaining a high cetane number, along with a process for homogenizing diesel fuel/alkanol mixtures to enhance solubility and reduce calorific value loss.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-generated harmful factors

If oxygen-containing fuel additives (such as carbonates, esters, acetals) are used to reduce soot formation, then soot emissions are reduced, but the calorific value decreases and toxicity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesoot emissionsVSAvoidcalorific value
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the chemical parameter of the oxygen-containing additive by selecting poly-oxa-alkanes with specific molecular structures (formula I) that have lower oxygen content compared to conventional additives like carbonates and esters. This parameter change maintains soot-reducing effectiveness while preserving more calorific value.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention uses poly-oxa-alkanes that can be produced cost-effectively and have appropriate stability characteristics for fuel additive applications, replacing expensive or problematic conventional additives.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

2Object-generated harmful factors

If oxygen-containing fuel additives are used to reduce soot formation, then soot emissions are reduced, but the fuel becomes more toxic

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesoot emissionsVSAvoidtoxicity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the chemical composition parameter by selecting poly-oxa-alkanes with specific structural characteristics that are less toxic than conventional oxygenates like carbonates, esters, and acetals, while maintaining the soot-reducing function.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Object-generated harmful factors

If conventional oxygenates with high oxygen content are used, then soot formation is reduced, but the combustion temperature control becomes less effective

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesoot formationVSAvoidcombustion temperature
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The invention optimizes the oxygen content parameter of the additive to a specific range that effectively reduces soot formation through chemical mechanisms while avoiding excessive oxygen content that would overly suppress combustion temperature and harm engine performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Object-generated harmful factors

If poly-oxa-alkanes are used as fuel additives, then soot formation is significantly reduced and combustion temperature is lowered, but the air requirement increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesoot formationVSAvoidair requirement
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The invention optimizes the molecular weight and structural parameters of the poly-oxa-alkane additive to achieve effective soot reduction with minimal impact on air requirement, balancing emission control with combustion efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Significantly reduces soot formation, lowers combustion temperature, and decreases air requirement, resulting in improved engine efficiency and compliance with emissions standards, while being cost-effective and environmentally safer.

Implementation Method 1

reduce soot formation during the combustion of diesel fuels

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCombustion: Combustion

Implementation Method 2

lower the average combustion temperature in the cylinder

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal energy transformation:

Data Source

PatentEP2143778B1Low-soot diesel fuel containing a fuel additive, and its use in the reduction of soot in diesel fuel combustion
Publication Date: 2016.11.23 MAN TRUCK & BUS SE

AI summary

Diesel fuel comprises a fuel additive comprising at least one poly-oxa-alkane compound (I). Diesel fuel comprises a fuel additive comprising at least one poly-oxa-alkane compound of formula (R 1>(-O-CH 2-CHR 2>) m-O-R 3>) (I). R 1>, R 3>optionally branched alkyl; R 2>optionally branched alkyl or H; and m : >= 1. Independent claims are included for: (1) reducing soot formation in diesel engines, comprising adding the compound (I) to the diesel fuel; and (2) homogenizing and improving the self-ignition capacity of diesel fuel/alkanol mixtures, comprising adding the compound (I) to the diesel fuel/alkanol mixture to form a monophasic mixture.