Cross-linked Polyacrylic Acid Hemostatic Compositions
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current hemostatic agents for controlling blood flow from open wounds often fail to form a durable and elastic clot, leading to inadequate wound closure and prolonged bleeding.
Innovation Solution
Compositions comprising cross-linked hydrophilic polymers such as sodium salt of polyacrylic acid, combined with salt ferrate and cation exchange materials, which are applied directly to the wound or incorporated into dressings to enhance clot formation and tensile strength.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Strength
If conventional hemostatic agents are applied to control blood flow, then bleeding is arrested, but the clot lacks tensile strength and elasticity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines cross-linked polyacrylic acid polymer with traditional hemostatic agents (fibrin, thrombin, collagen) to create a composite clotting composition. The polyacrylic acid forms a cross-linked network that provides structural framework and tensile strength, while the traditional agents facilitate blood clotting. This composite approach resolves the contradiction by integrating the strength-providing polymer matrix with the biologically active clotting components.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the physical and chemical parameters of the clot by introducing cross-linked polyacrylic acid with specific molecular weight and cross-linking density. The cross-linking degree and polymer concentration are controlled to optimize both tensile strength and elasticity. This parameter modification transforms the weak, brittle conventional clot into a durable, elastic structure that maintains wound closure.
2Strength
If conventional hemostatic agents are used, then blood flow is stopped, but the clot lacks elasticity and durability
Solution Approach 1:
The cross-linked polyacrylic acid polymer creates a flexible, elastic matrix that incorporates the clotting agents and formed clot. This composite structure provides both elasticity from the polymer network and durability from the cross-linked architecture, resolving the contradiction between elastic deformability and long-term structural integrity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates different functional zones within the clot structure: the cross-linked polyacrylic acid provides elastic framework in certain regions, while concentrated hemostatic agents create localized clotting zones. This spatial differentiation of properties allows the clot to exhibit both elasticity and durability in different locations, overall resolving the contradiction.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The resulting clot exhibits significant tensile strength and elasticity, effectively stopping blood flow and promoting wound closure with improved adhesion and durability.
Implementation Method 1
Compositions of the invention comprise a salt or salts of one or more cross-linked hydrophilic polymer, such as a polyacrylic acid
Implementation Method 2
Published U.S. application No. 20030008011 discloses acid forms of cross-linked polyacrylic acid with polyvinyl alcohol that forms a gel for stopping minor bleeding
Implementation Method 3
U.S. Pat. No. 6,521,265 to Patterson and U.S. Pat. No. 6,187,347 to Patterson et al. disclose an admixture of salt ferrate with a cation exchange material that, when hydrated results in the concentration of blood and reduction of Fe+6 to Fe+++ to induce clotting
Implementation Method 4
U.S. Pat. No. 6,521,265 to Patterson and U.S. Pat. No. 6,187,347 to Patterson et al. disclose an admixture of salt ferrate with a cation exchange material that, when hydrated results in the concentration of blood
Data Source
AI summary
The subject invention pertains to materials and methods for stopping or decreasing the blood flow from an open wound or medical or surgical procedure. Compositions of the invention comprise a salt form of a cross-linked polyacrylic acid. In one embodiment, the composition comprises a sodium salt of a polyacrylic acid. Compositions of the invention can also optionally comprise one or more different salt ferrates, and/or a cationic exchanger resins, and/or a silver compound. In an exemplified embodiment, a composition of the invention comprises sodium polyacrylate provided in a dry powdered form. Polyacrylate compositions of the invention can be applied directly to a wound or treatment site, or they can be incorporated into a wound dressing, such as a bandage. The clot or scab formed at a wound or treatment site treated with the present invention is extremely elastic and exhibits considerable tensile strength when stretched to the breaking point. The subject invention also concerns wound and surgical site dressings and coverings, and methods of using a composition of the invention to stop blood flow from an open wound or treatment site.