Polyamide Flame Retardant Composition
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current flame-retardant polymers for polyamides have limitations in terms of chemical stability, solubility, and compatibility during melt-spinning processes, leading to inhomogeneous distribution and clogging issues, and require high amounts that negatively impact physical properties.
Innovation Solution
A thermoplastic polymer composition comprising a polyamide and a phosphorous-containing polymer, where the phosphorous-containing polymer is obtained by polycondensation of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide derivatives with a divalent alcohol having a specific alkyl or cycloalkyl backbone, resulting in improved flame-retardant properties without affecting melt viscosity or physical properties.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If halogenated flame retardants are used to achieve flame-retardant properties, then flame-retardant effectiveness is improved, but they considerably damage the spinning nozzle under temperature and pressure conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and removes harmful halogen and antimony elements from the flame retardant composition. The invention specifically uses halogen-free and antimony-free compounds, taking out the problematic elements that cause nozzle damage while retaining the flame-retardant functionality through alternative chemical structures.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the flame retardant by using specific compounds with controlled solubility characteristics. The flame retardant is designed with solubility between 0.1-10 g/L in the polyamide at processing temperature, which is a parameter change that prevents both nozzle damage and insolubility issues.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If melamine polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate or aluminum phosphinates are used as halogen-free flame retardants, then eco-toxicology is improved, but they are only insufficiently soluble in polyamides resulting in inhomogeneous distribution and clogging of spinning nozzle
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the solubility parameter of the flame retardant by carefully selecting chemical structures that achieve optimal solubility between 0.1-10 g/L in polyamide at processing temperature. This parameter adjustment ensures homogeneous distribution throughout the polymer matrix while preventing nozzle clogging, addressing both the eco-toxicology requirement and solubility issue.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a compatibilizer or processing aid as an intermediary substance that enhances the solubility and distribution of the flame retardant in the polyamide matrix. This intermediary facilitates uniform dispersion of the eco-friendly flame retardant compounds without requiring them to be highly soluble, thus preventing clogging while maintaining homogeneity.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If high amounts of flame-retardant polymer are added to achieve adequate fire protection, then flame-retardant properties are improved, but the melt viscosity and force of the blend drop undesirably affecting processing reliability
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the concentration parameter of the flame retardant in the polymer blend to an optimal range of 0.1-10 g/L (or 0.01-5 wt%). This parameter optimization achieves adequate fire protection while maintaining the melt viscosity and mechanical properties within acceptable ranges for reliable processing, avoiding the need for high amounts that would compromise processing reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses a flame-retardant polymer that is structurally similar or compatible with the base polyamide, creating a chemically analogous composition. This structural copying ensures that the flame retardant integrates well with the polymer matrix, maintaining processing characteristics similar to the neat polymer while providing fire protection at low concentrations.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enhances flame-retardant effectiveness, allowing for reduced amounts of flame-retardant polymer usage while maintaining excellent processing reliability and dyeing ability in fibers and films, ensuring consistent and efficient extrusion and spinning processes.
Implementation Method 1
the phosphorous-containing polymer is obtainable by polycondensation of a) at least one phosphorous-containing monomer selected from adducts of a1) 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and/or nuclear substituted DOPO derivatives, with a2) at least one unsaturated di- or multivalent carboxylic acid or ester or anhydride thereof; b) at least one divalent alcohol
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to a thermoplastic polymer composition, in particular to a polyamide composition, having improved flame-retardant properties by maintaining its good physical properties. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method of preparing said thermoplastic polymer composition and to shaped articles, in particular fibers, made of the thermoplastic polymer composition of the invention and that have excellent properties in order to ensure adequate fire protection.