Functional Group-Introduced Polyamide Solid Phase for Stable Biochip Immobilization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for preparing DNA or protein chips face challenges in achieving rapid and stable immobilization of biological materials, often requiring specialized substrates or equipment like surface plasmon resonance biosensors or UV irradiation, and suffer from low stability of reaction products.
Innovation Solution
Introducing a functional group onto a polyamide solid phase using an isocyanate compound with an isocyanate group, allowing for rapid and stable immobilization of biological materials such as oligonucleotides or proteins through a biochemical specific bond.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If PDC is used to react with amino group-introduced oligonucleotide, then covalent bond formation is achieved, but the reaction is slow
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameter of the reaction system by replacing PDC with EDC (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodimide). This parameter change maintains the covalent bonding capability while significantly accelerating the reaction rate between the carboxyl group on the solid-phase substrate and the amino group on the oligonucleotide, resolving the contradiction between reaction speed and bond stability.
2Productivity
If Schiff base reaction is used between aldehydo group-introduced oligonucleotide and amino group on substrate, then rapid bonding is achieved, but the product stability is low and hydrolysis occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical nature of the bonding mechanism by using carbodiimide-mediated amide bond formation instead of Schiff base formation. This parameter change transforms the reaction from one that forms unstable imine bonds to one that forms stable amide bonds, while still achieving rapid bonding through the highly reactive carbodiimide intermediate.
3Reliability
If specialized substrates like surface plasmon resonance biosensors or UV irradiation equipment are used, then immobilization stability is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent enables the solid-phase substrate to perform the immobilization function through its own chemical properties (carboxyl groups reacting with amino groups via EDC). This self-service approach eliminates the need for specialized equipment like surface plasmon resonance biosensors or UV irradiation apparatus, achieving stable immobilization while simplifying the overall system.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces EDC as a chemical intermediary that facilitates the bonding reaction between the substrate and oligonucleotide. This intermediary enables rapid and stable covalent bond formation under mild conditions without requiring complex equipment, thus resolving the contradiction between stability and device complexity.
4Ease of manufacture
If aldehydo group and amino group reaction is used for protein microarray, then microarray formation is achieved, but Schiff base hydrolysis is liable to occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical bonding mechanism in protein microarray fabrication from Schiff base formation to carbodiimide-mediated amide bond formation. This parameter change maintains the ease of manufacture through simple chemical reactions while dramatically improving microarray stability by forming hydrolysis-resistant amide bonds instead of unstable imine bonds.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables the rapid preparation of stable biological material chips with enhanced sensitivity and stability, eliminating the need for specialized substrates or equipment, and allowing for efficient immobilization of nucleic acids and proteins.
Implementation Method 1
reacting the amido group of the polyamide solid phase with the isocyanate group of the isocyanate compound
Implementation Method 2
immobilizing the biochemical substance onto the polyamide solid phase through a covalent bond
Data Source
AI summary
A functional group-introduced polyamide solid phase comprising: a polyamide solid phase having an amido group; and an isocyanate compound having an isocyanate group and a functional group, wherein the functional group of the isocyanate compound is introduced onto a surface of the polyamide solid phase by reacting the amido group of the polyamide solid phase with the isocyanate group of the isocyanate compound.