Conjugated Fused Polycyclic Molecules for Excited State Quenching
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing technologies fail to effectively resolve excited state energy in molecules, leading to detrimental reactions such as the formation of reactive oxygen species, which can cause damage to substances and organisms, including photobleaching, polymer degradation, and DNA mutation.
Innovation Solution
Conjugated fused polycyclic molecules with electron-withdrawing groups are used to quench and dissipate excited state energy by accepting electrons from chromophores, preventing the generation of reactive oxygen species and returning the molecules to their ground state.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If conventional methods are used to resolve excited state energy, then the excited state may be resolved through chemical reactions, but reactive oxygen species and free radicals are formed causing damage to surrounding molecules
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a specific molecule as an intermediary that accepts excited state energy from chromophores through electron transfer, acting as a mediator that prevents direct harmful interactions between excited chromophores and oxygen. The intermediary molecule temporarily holds the excited state energy and dissipates it harmlessly, preventing the formation of reactive oxygen species that would otherwise be generated through direct energy transfer to oxygen.
2Use of energy by moving object
If excited state energy is allowed to react with surrounding molecules, then energy can be transferred, but photobleaching and polymer degradation occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the potentially harmful excited state energy into a beneficial process by directing it through a controlled electron transfer pathway. Instead of allowing the excited chromophore to undergo harmful chemical reactions that cause photobleaching or polymer degradation, the system channels the energy through a sacrificial molecule that undergoes reversible electron transfer, ultimately dissipating the energy as harmless heat while protecting the chromophore and surrounding molecules.
3Reliability
If electron transfer is used to quench excited states, then the chromophore returns to ground state, but the acceptor molecule must have appropriate electron affinity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes parameter changes by selecting molecules with specific electron affinity values that optimize the electron transfer process. The acceptor molecule is chosen or designed to have electron affinity parameters that enable efficient electron acceptance from the excited chromophore while ensuring the reverse electron transfer can occur to regenerate the ground state. This parameter optimization allows effective quenching without requiring overly complex molecular structures.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively prevents the formation of reactive oxygen species and reduces oxidative stress, protecting substances and organisms from damage caused by excited state energy, while maintaining the ability of molecules to absorb UV radiation.
Implementation Method 1
a tricyclic compound may quench singlet and/or triplet excited states of a chromophore by accepting an electron from the chromophore, thereby returning the chromophore back to the ground state
Implementation Method 2
A molecule may reach an excited state when illuminated by visible and/or UV radiation at a wavelength in the range of about 290 to about 800 nm
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to molecules, including conjugated fused polycyclic molecules, that may receive excited state energy from other molecules (e.g., light-absorbing molecules) or directly from the irradiation sources. According to some embodiments, the disclosure relates to molecules, including conjugated fused polycyclic molecules, that may resolve (e.g., quench, dissipate) excited state energy, normally by way of releasing it as heat. (e.g., as heat). Conjugated fused polycyclic molecules of various structures are disclosed including Formula III:The disclosure further relates to methods of use and/or therapy using molecules of Formulas I, II, and/or III.