Polyester Macromers With 1,1-Diester-1-Alkenes For Catalyst-Free Cross-Linking
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Solution Overview
Problem
Polyesters are challenging to cross-link due to their linear structure, often requiring special catalysts or high temperatures, which limits their applications in coatings that need enhanced properties like flexibility, adhesion, and resistance to solvents and UV radiation.
Innovation Solution
The development of polyester macromers containing 1,1-diester-1-alkene residues and polymers with pendant Michael Addition donor groups, allowing for cross-linking without problematic catalysts and at mild conditions, resulting in coatings with improved mechanical properties and resistance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Strength
If polyesters are cross-linked using conventional processes, then cross-linking is achieved, but special catalysts or high temperatures are required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the polyester by incorporating 1,1-diester-1-alkene residues and Michael Addition donor groups, which fundamentally alter the reactivity and cross-linking mechanism, enabling cross-linking at mild temperatures without special catalysts
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite cross-linking system combining polyester macromers with 1,1-diester-1-alkene residues and polymers containing pendant Michael Addition donor groups, which work together to achieve cross-linking under mild conditions
2Strength
If conventional cross-linking processes are used, then cross-linking is achieved, but special catalysts are required
Solution Approach 1:
The polyester macromers are designed with built-in reactive groups (1,1-diester-1-alkene residues and Michael Addition donors) that enable self-cross-linking without requiring external catalysts, making the system self-sufficient
Solution Approach 2:
The chemical structure is modified to include functional groups with inherent reactivity that eliminate the need for catalysts, changing the reaction parameters from catalyst-dependent to catalyst-independent
3Ease of manufacture
If linear polyester structure is maintained, then ease of synthesis is preserved, but cross-linking difficulty increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the simplicity of linear polyester synthesis with cross-linking capability by incorporating reactive functional groups into the polyester chain, combining the advantages of both linear and cross-linked structures
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite structure where linear polyester chains contain embedded reactive groups (1,1-diester-1-alkene residues and Michael Addition donors), maintaining the ease of polyester synthesis while adding cross-linking functionality
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The coatings exhibit enhanced properties such as high pencil hardness, solvent resistance, and durability, including acid and base resistance, and can be cured efficiently under mild conditions, providing improved performance and versatility.
Implementation Method 1
polymers containing pendant Michael Addition donor groups
Data Source
AI summary
Compositions comprising a) one or more polyester macromers containing one or more chains of the residue of one or more diols and one or more diesters wherein the residue of the one or more diols and the one or more diesters alternate along the chain and a portion of the diesters are 1,1-diester-1-alkenes and at least one terminal end comprises the residue of one of the 1,1-diester-1 alkenes and wherein one or more terminal ends may comprise the residue of one or more diols; and b) one or more polymers having pendant Michael Addition donor groups. Disclosed are coating prepared from these compositions.