Multi-layer Microporous Polyethylene Battery Separator with Heat-resistant Polymer

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing microporous polyolefin membranes used in battery separators lack sufficient compression resistance, leading to inadequate battery capacity and cycle characteristics due to poor permeability variation and deformability under electrode expansion and contraction.

Innovation Solution

A multi-layer microporous polyethylene membrane is developed, comprising a first layer of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene and a second layer with a heat-resistant polymer having a melting point or glass transition temperature of 170° C. or higher, dispersed as fine particles, enhancing shutdown properties, meltdown properties, permeability, mechanical strength, heat shrinkage resistance, and compression resistance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If polypropylene is used as the main component of microporous membranes, then heat shrinkage resistance is improved, but compression resistance deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat shrinkage resistanceVSAvoidcompression resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The invention uses a composite structure consisting of a polypropylene layer and a polyethylene layer with heat-resistant filler. The polypropylene layer provides heat shrinkage resistance, while the polyethylene layer with heat-resistant filler (such as heat-resistant polyester or inorganic filler) provides compression resistance. This composite material approach allows both requirements to be satisfied simultaneously by combining materials with complementary properties.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Strength

If polyethylene is used as the main component of microporous membranes, then compression resistance is improved, but shutdown temperature is too low

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecompression resistanceVSAvoidshutdown temperature
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The invention creates a composite structure where the polyethylene layer is enhanced with heat-resistant filler (heat-resistant polyester or inorganic filler). This composite polyethylene layer maintains the compression resistance of polyethylene while the heat-resistant filler raises the effective shutdown temperature. The polypropylene layer further contributes to heat resistance, solving the low shutdown temperature problem of pure polyethylene.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The invention applies different functional properties to different layers: the polyethylene layer with heat-resistant filler provides local compression resistance and elevated temperature stability, while the polypropylene layer provides heat shrinkage resistance. This local differentiation of material properties allows each layer to optimize its specific function while contributing to overall performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Strength

If polypropylene layers are used to improve strength, then mechanical strength is improved, but permeability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical strengthVSAvoidpermeability
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The invention uses a composite structure where the polyethylene layer with heat-resistant filler provides high permeability due to polyethylene's inherent properties, while the polypropylene layer provides mechanical strength. The laminate structure allows both materials to contribute their advantageous properties without compromising either permeability or strength, as each layer performs its primary function independently.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The multi-layer membrane provides well-balanced properties, improving battery capacity, cycle characteristics, and safety by maintaining structural integrity and permeability under thermal stress and electrode expansion, while ensuring efficient shutdown and meltdown performance.

Implementation Method 1

fibrils are cleft with the fine particles as nuclei, thereby forming creased gaps constituting pores

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectNucleation: Nucleation

Implementation Method 2

microporous polyethylene membrane... having well-balanced shutdown properties, meltdown properties, permeability

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPermeation: Permeation

Implementation Method 3

shutdown properties... for stopping a battery reaction at the time of abnormal heat generation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMelting: Melting

Implementation Method 4

heat-resistant polymer other than polypropylene... heat shrinkage resistance... compression resistance

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal resistance: Thermal Insulation

Data Source

PatentUS8778525B2Multi-layer, microporous polyethylene membrane, battery separator formed thereby and battery
Publication Date: 2014.07.15 TORAY INDUSTRIES INC

AI summary

A multi-layer, microporous polyethylene membrane comprising (a) a first microporous layer made of a polyethylene resin, and (b) a second microporous layer comprising a polyethylene resin, and a heat-resistant polymer having a melting point or a glass transition temperature of 170° C. or higher, the heat-resistant polymer being dispersed in the form of fine particles in the polyethylene resin, and the second microporous layer having pores containing fine particles of the heat-resistant polymer as nuclei from which the cleavage of polyethylene resin fibrils starts, the multi-layer microporous polyethylene membrane having well-balanced shutdown properties, meltdown properties, permeability, mechanical strength, heat shrinkage resistance and compression resistance.