Poly-Frequency AC Voltage Analyte Detection for Interference Compensation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing analyte detection methods in bodily fluids, such as blood glucose monitoring, face challenges due to interference from ambient conditions and sample properties like temperature, humidity, hematocrit level, and ionic strength, leading to inaccurate results, especially in whole blood samples.
Innovation Solution
A method and device that apply a poly frequent alternating current (AC) voltage and direct current (DC) voltage profile to measurement electrodes, allowing for simultaneous evaluation of AC and DC current responses, phase information, and impedance information to determine analyte concentration, effectively compensating for interference effects and production tolerances.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional single-frequency AC or DC voltage is applied to measurement electrodes, then the device complexity is low, but measurement precision deteriorates due to interference from ambient conditions and sample properties
Solution Approach 1:
The voltage signal is segmented into multiple frequency components (e.g., 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 5 kHz, 10 kHz, 20 kHz) that are applied simultaneously to the measurement electrodes. Each frequency component contributes to measuring different aspects of the sample's electrical properties, allowing the system to distinguish between various interference effects and the analyte signal, thereby improving measurement precision without requiring complex external intervention
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs periodic AC voltage signals at multiple frequencies superimposed on a DC profile. This periodic action enables the system to modulate the measurement at different frequencies, allowing separation of the analyte response from interference effects through frequency-domain analysis, thus enhancing measurement accuracy while maintaining a relatively simple device architecture
2Reliability
If poly frequent AC voltage with multiple frequencies is applied to measurement electrodes, then measurement precision improves by compensating for interference effects, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The multi-frequency AC voltage signal serves multiple functions simultaneously: it measures impedance at different frequencies to characterize sample properties, detects phase information for interference compensation, and provides the DC current response for analyte concentration determination. This multi-functionality approach improves measurement reliability across varying conditions without requiring separate measurement systems for each parameter
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses the impedance and phase information obtained from the multi-frequency AC response as feedback to compensate for interference effects. By analyzing how the sample responds at different frequencies, the system can identify and correct for interference from ambient conditions and sample properties, thereby improving reliability while the evaluation device processes the combined signal
3Measurement precision
If only DC current response is evaluated, then the evaluation process is simple, but measurement precision deteriorates due to uncorrected interference effects
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from evaluating only the DC current response (one-dimensional) to incorporating AC current response at multiple frequencies (adding frequency dimension). This dimensional expansion allows the system to extract impedance and phase information that provide additional constraints for distinguishing the analyte signal from interference, thereby improving measurement precision through multivariate analysis
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach improves the accuracy and reliability of analyte concentration determination by considering all relevant interference effects and production tolerances, providing precise measurements even in complex bodily fluid samples.
Implementation Method 1
The test chemistries are adapted to change one or more detectable properties in the presence of the analyte to be detected. Thus, electrochemically detectable properties of the test chemistry and/or optically detectable properties of the test chemistry may be changed due to the influence of the presence of the analyte.
Implementation Method 2
at least one signal generation step, wherein at least one excitation voltage signal is generated by at least one signal generator device, wherein the excitation voltage signal comprises at least one poly frequent alternating current (AC) voltage and at least one direct current (DC) voltage profile
Data Source
AI summary
A method for determining a concentration of at least one analyte in bodily fluid, comprising: a signal generation step, wherein an excitation voltage signal is generated by a signal generator, wherein the excitation voltage signal comprises a poly frequent alternating current (AC) voltage and a direct current (DC) voltage profile, wherein the poly frequent AC voltage comprises at least two frequencies; a signal application step, wherein the excitation voltage signal is applied to at least two measurement electrodes; a measurement step, wherein a response is measured by using the measurement electrodes; an evaluation step, wherein an AC current response for each frequency and a DC current response are evaluated from the response; a determination step, wherein the concentration of the analyte is determined from the DC current response and from one or both of the phase and impedance information by using at least one predetermined relationship.