Polygonal Patch Antenna Feed Structure for Wider mmWave Bandwidth
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Solution Overview
Problem
Millimeter wave communications, including 5G, face challenges due to radio frequency signals being easily absorbed and lost in high frequency bands, leading to reduced communication quality, which requires specialized antenna technologies for effective transmission and reception.
Innovation Solution
The antenna apparatus features a dielectric layer with a patch antenna pattern of polygonal shape, feed vias, and feed patterns that provide a non-contact feed path, enhancing bandwidth and gain by forming obtuse angles and using coiled feed patterns to increase impedance and electromagnetic design elements, along with dummy patterns for improved orthogonality and radiation concentration.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional antenna technology is used for high frequency bands, then the antenna structure is simple, but the communication quality is dramatically reduced due to signal absorption and loss
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna is divided into multiple patch antenna patterns arranged in a specific geometric configuration. Each patch element acts as an independent radiating unit, allowing the system to overcome signal loss through distributed radiation and constructive interference, thereby improving communication quality while maintaining manageable structural complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from conventional planar antenna designs to a three-dimensional spatial arrangement of patch antenna patterns. By utilizing vertical stacking and angular positioning in 3D space, the antenna achieves enhanced gain and radiation efficiency at millimeter wave frequencies without proportionally increasing overall device footprint
2Productivity
If the patch antenna pattern uses a polygonal shape with obtuse angles, then the radiation is concentrated and bandwidth is widened, but the manufacturing precision requirement increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patch antenna patterns utilize asymmetric polygonal shapes with specific obtuse angle configurations rather than symmetric conventional shapes. This asymmetry creates favorable current distribution and impedance characteristics that widen bandwidth and concentrate radiation in desired directions, while the angles are designed to be manufacturable with standard PCB fabrication tolerances
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes specific geometric parameters of the polygonal shapes, including angle measurements and side length ratios, to achieve the desired electromagnetic performance. By carefully selecting parameter values that balance performance requirements with manufacturing capabilities, the design achieves widened bandwidth without excessive precision demands
3Power
If feed patterns are coiled and disposed to overlap, then the impedance is increased and gain is enhanced, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The feed patterns are designed with coiled configurations where conductive traces are nested within each other in a compact manner. This nesting approach increases the effective electrical length and impedance of the feed structures, thereby enhancing antenna gain while minimizing the additional space required and keeping the overall device complexity manageable
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration enhances the antenna's gain and bandwidth, improves electromagnetic isolation, and increases the overall performance of the antenna apparatus for millimeter wave communications by concentrating radiation and widening the frequency range.
Implementation Method 1
at least a portion of each of the plurality of feed patterns may be coiled
Implementation Method 2
a dielectric layer, a patch antenna pattern disposed on an upper surface of the dielectric layer
Implementation Method 3
a plurality of feed vias respectively disposed to penetrate the dielectric layer by at least a portion of a thickness of the dielectric layer
Data Source
AI summary
An antenna apparatus includes a dielectric layer; a patch antenna pattern disposed on an upper surface of the dielectric layer and including an upper surface having a polygonal shape, a plurality of feed vias respectively disposed to penetrate the dielectric layer by at least a portion of a thickness of the dielectric layer, respectively disposed to be biased toward a first side and a second side, different from each other, from a center of the polygonal shape of the patch antenna pattern, and respectively disposed to be spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern, and a plurality of feed patterns respectively electrically connected to an upper end of a corresponding feed via, among the plurality of feed vias, respectively disposed to be spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern, and configured to provide a feed path to the patch antenna pattern, wherein the polygonal shape of the patch antenna pattern has a structure in which the first side and a third side between the first and second sides form an obtuse angle, and the third side and the second side form an obtuse angle.