Polyisocyanurate Catalyst Composition Suppressing Foaming

The patent introduces a specific catalyst compound with formula (I) as an intermediary substance that mediates the trimerization reaction. This compound has low hygroscopicity compared to conventional catalysts like tertiary amines and metal salts, yet maintains sufficient catalytic activity. The compound (I) acts as a mediator between the isocyanate groups and the desired trimerization product, preventing unwanted side reactions (foaming) while achieving the target reaction efficiency.

The patent changes the chemical parameters of the catalyst by selecting a compound with specific structural features (formula I) that has low hygroscopicity. By modifying the catalyst's physical and chemical properties—specifically its water absorption characteristics—the patent eliminates the foaming issue while maintaining the catalytic function. The compound (I) represents a parameter change from high-hygroscopicity catalysts to low-hygroscopicity catalysts.

The patent optimizes the catalyst's chemical structure by selecting compound (I) with specific functional groups and molecular characteristics that balance two opposing parameters: hygroscopicity and catalytic activity. Unlike phosphorus catalysts that suppress foaming but reduce efficiency, compound (I) maintains optimal catalytic activity while keeping hygroscopicity low. The structural parameters of compound (I)—including specific R1-R6 substituents—are tuned to achieve both low water absorption and high trimerization efficiency.

The patent employs a composite catalytic approach by using compound (I) which combines features of both high-efficiency catalysts (like tertiary amines) and low-hygroscopicity catalysts (like phosphorus compounds). The molecular structure of compound (I) integrates functional elements that provide both catalytic activity and low water affinity, creating a composite functionality that resolves the contradiction between reaction efficiency and foaming suppression.

The patent uses compound (I) as an intermediary catalyst that enables efficient isocyanurate ring formation without the harmful side effects of conventional catalysts. This intermediary substance facilitates the desired cyclotrimerization reaction while preventing foaming, thereby ensuring both high productivity and reliable product performance including curability and flame retardancy.

The patent converts the potential harm of catalyst hygroscopicity (which causes foaming and compromises product quality) into a benefit by selecting compound (I) with inherently low hygroscopicity. This choice transforms what would be a harmful property (water absorption leading to foaming) into a beneficial characteristic (low water absorption ensuring clean reaction and high curability), while maintaining efficient ring formation.