Solvent-Based Polymer Recycling with Thermal Stabilizers

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing solvent-based plastic recycling processes often cause thermo-oxidative damage to polymers, leading to degraded mechanical properties and optical defects in recyclates, particularly for polyolefins, PC, PET, and PA, due to high temperature exposure.

Innovation Solution

A solvent-based recycling process using an organic solvent doped with thermal stabilizers, such as sterically hindered phenols and organic phosphites, to extract polymers from waste at temperatures between 70°C and 200°C, minimizing thermo-oxidative damage by limiting molecular weight reduction and gel formation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If high temperature extraction is used to dissolve polymers from waste, then polymer extraction efficiency is improved, but thermo-oxidative damage to polymers increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepolymer extraction efficiencyVSAvoidthermo-oxidative damage
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

A thermal stabilizer is introduced as an intermediary substance that mediates between the high temperature extraction process and the polymer molecules. The stabilizer absorbs and dissipates thermal energy, preventing direct thermo-oxidative damage to the polymers while allowing efficient extraction to proceed at elevated temperatures

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the chemical environment parameters by introducing a thermal stabilizer that modifies the thermal and oxidative characteristics of the extraction system. This allows the process to operate at high temperatures for efficient extraction while the stabilizer prevents degradation by altering the thermal stability parameters of the polymer-solvent system

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If prolonged thermal exposure is applied to extract polymers, then extraction completeness is improved, but gel formation and molecular weight reduction increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveextraction completenessVSAvoidmolecular weight stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The thermal stabilizer is introduced into the extraction system before the polymer dissolution process begins. This preliminary presence of the stabilizer ensures that protective action is already in place to prevent molecular weight reduction and gel formation throughout the prolonged extraction process, rather than attempting to correct degradation after it occurs

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Speed

If high temperature extraction is used to dissolve polymers, then extraction speed is improved, but mechanical properties of recyclate deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveextraction speedVSAvoidmechanical properties
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The thermal stabilizer acts as a protective intermediary that allows the extraction process to proceed at high speed through elevated temperatures while preventing the thermal energy from directly degrading the polymer's mechanical properties. The stabilizer absorbs excess thermal energy that would otherwise cause molecular chain scission and property deterioration

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The process significantly reduces thermo-oxidative damage, preserving the mechanical properties of extracted polymers, and allows for the production of recyclates with improved mechanical properties comparable to virgin materials.

Implementation Method 1

polymers are extracted from the plastic waste in the form of a solid-liquid extraction at temperatures above 70 °C

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSolid-liquid extraction: Liquid-Liquid Extraction

Implementation Method 2

the use of at least one thermal stabilizer in at least one organic solvent for the solvent-based isolation of at least one polymer from polymer-containing waste

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal stabilization:

Implementation Method 3

sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant that prevents the thermo-oxidative degradation of polymers, waxes, and oils

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAntioxidation: Oxidation

Implementation Method 4

prolonged thermal exposure leads to increased gel formation, i.e., partial areas of the PE matrix form cross-links as a result of primary thermo-oxidative damage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCross-linking inhibition:

Data Source

PatentEP3016998B1Method for increasing the concentration of at least one polymer from a polymer-containing waste material, and polymer recyclate
Publication Date: 2024.01.03 FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
  • EP3016998B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

The invention relates to a solvent-based plastics-recycling method which can reclaim polymers from polymer-containing plastics waste materials. The method is based on the use of a solvent which has been doped with heat stabilizer and which takes the form of solid-liquid extraction process to extract polymers at temperatures above 70°C from the plastics waste material. The method proposed can provide polymer recyclates which have improved mechanical properties in comparison with conventional recycled polymers. The use of at least one heat stabilizer in at least one organic solvent is also proposed for the solvent-based isolation of at least one polymer from a polymer-containing waste material.