Polymeric Dyes with Deoxyribose Linkers to Reduce Fluorescence Quenching
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing dimeric and polymeric dyes suffer from intramolecular fluorescence quenching, failing to achieve the desired increase in brightness and molar brightness, despite efforts to enhance signal in aqueous environments.
Innovation Solution
Development of polymeric fluorescent and colored dyes with strategically linked moieties through linkers (L2, L3, L4, L5, L6) that provide spatial separation, reducing intramolecular fluorescence quenching and enhancing brightness.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If dimeric and polymeric dyes are prepared to increase signal, then the number of fluorescent moieties is increased, but intramolecular fluorescence quenching occurs and brightness does not increase as desired
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the polymeric dye structure into distinct segments: fluorescent moieties (M1, M2) separated by linker moieties (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6). This segmentation prevents the fluorescent moieties from being in direct contact, thereby eliminating intramolecular quenching while maintaining multiple fluorescent units per molecule. The linkers act as spacers that physically separate the chromophores.
Solution Approach 2:
The linker moieties serve as intermediary elements between the fluorescent moieties. These linkers (comprising structures such as deoxyribose, ethylene glycol, or other spacer groups) mediate the spatial relationship between M1 and M2, keeping them at appropriate distances to prevent quenching while still allowing the polymer to function as a unified dye molecule.
2Illumination intensity
If polymeric dyes are designed to achieve higher molar brightness, then the concentration of fluorescent groups is increased, but spatial proximity causes quenching that reduces effectiveness
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extends the separation strategy into the spatial dimension by using linker moieties with controlled lengths and structures (L1-L6). These linkers create three-dimensional spacing between fluorescent moieties, allowing the polymer to achieve high molar brightness through increased fluorophore count without the detrimental effect of proximity-based quenching. The dimensional separation is achieved through the spatial arrangement enforced by the linker structures.
3Adaptability or versatility
If water soluble dyes are developed for aqueous biomolecule analysis, then solubility is improved, but signal intensity may be compromised compared to organic dyes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates composite dye molecules that combine hydrophilic linker moieties (such as deoxyribose, ethylene glycol chains, or other water-soluble spacers) with fluorescent chromophores. This composite structure integrates the water solubility required for biomolecule analysis with the high signal intensity of fluorescent dyes. The hydrophilic linkers provide aqueous compatibility while the fluorescent moieties maintain strong optical properties.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The resulting dyes are intensely colored and fluorescent, offering improved molar brightness and visibility without prior illumination, suitable for various analytical methods and biomolecule detection.
Implementation Method 1
While, not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the linker moiety provides sufficient spatial separation between the fluorescent and/or colored moieties such that intramolecular fluorescence quenching is reduced and/or eliminated.
Data Source
AI summary
Compounds useful as fluorescent or colored dyes are disclosed. The compounds have the following structure (I):or a stereoisomer, tantomer or salt thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, L1a, L1b, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, M1, M2, q, w, m and n are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds are also provided.