Polymeric Tandem Dyes with Linker Groups for FRET

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing fluorescent and colored dyes used in resonance energy transfer techniques, such as FRET, suffer from limitations related to orientation and positioning of chromophores, energy transfer masking by free fluorophores, and pH sensitivity, leading to a need for water-soluble dyes with increased molar brightness and FRET emission signal.

Innovation Solution

Development of dimeric and polymeric chromophore compounds with spacing groups that are covalently linked by a linker, optimizing intramolecular FRET interactions and enhancing molar brightness and FRET emission signal.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Illumination intensity

If monomeric dyes are used, then the dye structure is simple, but the molar brightness and FRET emission signal are insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvemolar brightnessVSAvoiddye structure complexity

Core Design Contradiction:

Illumination intensityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple chromophores into dimeric and polymeric structures through covalent linkers, merging individual dye units to achieve enhanced molar brightness and FRET emission signals that exceed the sum of monomeric components

Inventive Principle:

Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Illumination intensity

If chromophores are positioned close together to enhance FRET, then FRET emission signal increases, but energy transfer masking by free fluorophores occurs

Engineering Contradiction:

ImproveFRET emission signalVSAvoidenergy transfer masking

Core Design Contradiction:

Illumination intensityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the dye structure into distinct chromophore units connected by linkers of specific lengths, allowing optimization of the distance between donor and acceptor chromophores to enhance FRET while minimizing masking effects from free fluorophores

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces linker molecules as intermediaries between chromophores, with specific linker lengths (e.g., L1-L6) that mediate the distance and orientation between donor and acceptor, optimizing FRET efficiency while preventing energy transfer masking

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Adaptability or versatility

If dyes are designed for aqueous environments, then compatibility with biological systems improves, but pH sensitivity increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveaqueous compatibilityVSAvoidpH sensitivity

Core Design Contradiction:

Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates composite dye structures combining multiple chromophores with different pH stability characteristics, where the polymeric framework provides overall structural stability while individual chromophore units contribute to aqueous solubility and biological compatibility

Inventive Principle:

Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The described dyes are significantly brighter than monomeric counterparts, enabling efficient FRET processes and allowing for visual detection of analyte molecules with improved spatial and temporal resolution.

Implementation Method 1

Förster resonance energy transfer ('FRET'-sometimes also used interchangeably with fluorescence resonance energy transfer) techniques produce information that reliably measures change biomolecular distances and interactions

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectFörster resonance energy transfer (FRET):

Implementation Method 2

The water soluble, fluorescent or colored dyes of embodiments of the invention are intensely colored, enable FRET processes (e.g., absorbance, emission, Stokes shifts) and/or fluorescent

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectAbsorption of electromagnetic radiation: Absorption (EM radiation)

Data Source

PatentUS12319817B2Polymeric tandem dyes with linker groups

Publication Date: 2025.06.03 SONY GROUP CORP

AI summary

Compounds useful as fluorescent or colored dyes are disclosed. The compounds have the following structure (I), or a stereoisomer, tautomer or salt thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, L1, L2, L3, L4, M1, M2, m and n are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds is also provided.