Polymerizable Acidic Dental Composition for Glass Ionomer Strength
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional glass ionomer cements have low flexural strength and are brittle due to salt-like structures between polyacids and glass, necessitating an improvement in mechanical properties for dental restorative materials.
Innovation Solution
A dental composition incorporating a specific polymerizable acidic compound with favorable polymerization enthalpy, solubility in water or acidic environments, and biocompatibility, which is copolymerizable with conventional (meth)acrylates and allylic ethers, providing additional curing mechanisms and improved mechanical characteristics when used in dental glass ionomer cement compositions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Strength
If conventional glass ionomer cements are used, then good biocompatibility and adhesion to dental hard tissues are achieved, but flexural strength is low and the material is brittle
Solution Approach 1:
The invention combines glass ionomer cement with polymerizable compounds to create a composite material that integrates the acid-base reaction mechanism with polymerization. This composite approach allows the material to benefit from both the biocompatibility/adhesion of glass ionomer and the mechanical strength of polymerized structures, thereby resolving the contradiction between strength and biocompatibility.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention modifies the chemical composition parameters of glass ionomer cement by incorporating specific polymerizable compounds (acrylates, methacrylates, vinyl ethers, or vinyl esters) with controlled molecular weights and functional groups. This parameter change enables the material to achieve higher flexural strength while maintaining biocompatibility through careful selection of biocompatible monomers.
2Strength
If polymerizable compounds are added to improve mechanical properties, then flexural strength increases, but the complexity of the composition increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention employs polymerizable compounds that serve multiple functions: they act as both structural building blocks for strength enhancement and as participants in the curing mechanism. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate additives, thereby limiting the increase in composition complexity while achieving improved mechanical properties.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention carefully controls the molecular weight, functional group type, and concentration of polymerizable compounds to optimize mechanical properties without excessive complexity. By selecting specific ranges for these parameters (e.g., molecular weight 50-5000, specific functional groups), the composition remains manageable while achieving the desired strength improvement.
3Strength
If multifunctional (meth)acrylates are used for crosslinking, then crosslinking capability is provided, but the polymerization enthalpy increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention selects polymerizable compounds with specific functional group configurations and molecular weights to control the polymerization enthalpy. By adjusting these parameters, the material achieves adequate crosslinking capability for mechanical strength while limiting the heat generation during polymerization to acceptable levels for dental applications.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses a balanced amount of polymerizable compounds rather than excessive crosslinking agents, achieving sufficient crosslinking for mechanical strength without the full extent of high enthalpy polymerization. This partial action approach provides adequate crosslinking capability while controlling the energy release during curing.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The dental composition exhibits enhanced polymerization rates and mechanical properties, including increased flexural strength, while maintaining biocompatibility and solubility, effectively addressing the brittleness and low strength issues of conventional glass ionomer cements.
Implementation Method 1
a polymerizable acidic compound of the following formula (I)... which is copolymerizable with conventional (meth)acrylates, (meth)acrylamides and allylic ethers
Implementation Method 2
conventionally, a photopolymerization initiator system is used
Implementation Method 3
glass ionomer cements may provide cariostatic properties through the release of fluoride ions
Implementation Method 4
good solubility in water and/or in an acidic environment
Data Source
AI summary
A dental composition comprising a polymerizable acidic compound of the following formula (I):whereinR1 which may be the same or different when more than one R1 is present, represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;R2 which may be the same or different when more than one R2 is present, represents a hydrogen atom, a straight-chain or branched C1-6 alkyl group, a C3-8 cycloalkyl group or a straight-chain or branched C2-6 alkenyl group;R3 which may be the same or different when more than one R3 is present, represents a monovalent organic moiety substituted by a group selected from —COOM, —PO3M, —O—PO3M2 and —SO3M, wherein M independently represents a hydrogen atom or a metal atom; orR2 and R3 form together a divalent organic moiety substituted by a group selected from —COOM, —PO3M, —O—PO3M2 and —SO3M, wherein M independently represents a hydrogen atom or a metal atom;L represents a (m+n+1)-valent organic linker group;X represents a hydrogen atom or a group selected from —COOM, —PO3M, —O—PO3M2 or —SO3M, wherein M independently is a hydrogen atom or a metal atom;m is an integer of 0 to 6;n is an integer of 0 to 6;wherein (m+n) is at least 2;provided that when n is 0, then X cannot be a hydrogen atom.