Polypropylene Composite Railway Sleeper with Hollow Sector

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current railroad sleepers face issues such as high maintenance costs, structural problems, and environmental concerns due to their materials and designs, including the limitations of wooden, concrete, and recycled plastic sleepers, which affect durability, weight, and compatibility with different rail systems.

Innovation Solution

A railroad sleeper with an inverted-U shape and hollow sector, made from polypropylene with fiberglass, manufactured using an extrusion process, providing enhanced rigidity, recyclability, and compatibility with standard fixing devices, suitable for various rail gauges and reducing logistic costs.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Duration of action of stationary object

If wooden sleepers are used, then the railroad network can be established with traditional materials, but the useful life is limited to a few decades requiring frequent replacement

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveuseful life of sleeperVSAvoidtime for replacement
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of stationary objectVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses composite materials (recycled plastic mixed with natural fibers such as banana, pineapple, or hemp fibers) to create sleepers that combine the durability of plastic with the reinforcement of natural fibers, achieving a useful life exceeding 50 years while maintaining structural integrity under railway loads

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Object-affected harmful factors

If recycled plastic sleepers are used, then environmental sustainability is improved, but structural problems occur including cracks, warping, and fixation issues

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenvironmental impactVSAvoidstructural integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines recycled plastic with natural fibers (banana, pineapple, or hemp) to create a composite material that maintains structural integrity. The natural fibers reinforce the recycled plastic matrix, preventing cracks and warping while maintaining environmental sustainability through the use of recyclable and biodegradable components

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different material properties to different parts of the sleeper structure. The composite material formulation varies to provide optimal reinforcement in high-stress areas while maintaining overall structural consistency and fixation capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Duration of action of stationary object

If concrete sleepers are used, then durability of about 50 years is achieved, but the great weight causes high ballast break and increases maintenance costs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedurability of sleeperVSAvoidweight of sleeper
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of stationary objectVSWeight of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses recycled plastic as the base material, which is lighter than concrete but can be reinforced to achieve comparable durability. The composite structure allows the sleeper to maintain structural integrity for over 50 years while weighing significantly less than concrete alternatives, reducing ballast damage and maintenance costs

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The combination of recycled plastic with natural fibers creates a composite material that achieves concrete-like durability and load-bearing capacity while maintaining the weight advantages of plastic materials, thus reducing ballast break and maintenance requirements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

4Reliability

If virgin plastic sleepers are used, then good behavior is exhibited, but the use is restricted to passenger-transportation railroads of narrow gage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveperformance of sleeperVSAvoidcompatibility with rail systems
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent designs the sleeper with universal compatibility features, including standardized dimensions and fixation points that work across different rail gauges and transportation types. The composite material structure provides the mechanical properties needed for both passenger and freight applications, eliminating the restrictions of virgin plastic sleepers

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

5Duration of action of stationary object

If steel sleepers are used, then long useful life of about 60 years is achieved, but high costs occur due to unstable steel pricing

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveuseful life of sleeperVSAvoidcost of material
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of stationary objectVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses recycled plastic as a cost-effective alternative to steel, leveraging the low and stable pricing of recycled materials. The composite structure with natural fiber reinforcement achieves comparable durability to steel (over 50 years) while avoiding the volatile pricing and high costs associated with steel materials

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The proposed sleeper offers improved durability, reduced maintenance, and environmental sustainability by using polypropylene with fiberglass, achieving high elastic modulus and weight efficiency, while being compatible with existing installation tools and systems, thus enhancing rail stability and safety.

Implementation Method 1

manufactured from a composition comprising polypropylene with fiberglass and having a bending module higher or equal to 5000 MPa... manufactured using an extrusion process

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectExtrusion: Extrusion

Data Source

PatentEP3219851B1Railway sleeper and railway-sleeper manufacturing method
Publication Date: 2023.06.14 BRASKEM SA
  • EP3219851B1 patent drawingFigure 1(a)~1(b)
  • EP3219851B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3219851B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

One describes a railroad sleeper (1) for fixation of at least a pair of rails (2,2') of a railroad network, comprising a contact surface (3), wherein each rail of the pair of rails (2,2') is fixed spaced apart from each other, the railroad sleeper (1) being configured by comprising a hollow sector (4) delimited by association of the contact surface (3) with the anchorage walls (5,5'), thus establishing a free portion (17) adjacent to the anchorage walls (5,5') and opposite the contact surface (3). One further describes an embodiment in which the hollow sector (4) of the railroad sleeper is delimited by a support surface and the process of manufacturing a railroad sleeper.