Polysaccharide Nanoparticle Preparation via Mild Oxidation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for preparing polysaccharide nanoparticles are complex and require harsh conditions, toxic chemicals, or surface-active compounds, making them unsuitable for therapeutic use due to toxicity and the need for extensive purification.
Innovation Solution
A process involving specific partial oxidation of polysaccharides to create aldehyde groups, followed by covalent bonding with hydrophobic nanoparticle-forming agents and therapeutic compounds in mild conditions, using oxidizing agents like periodate and pH-controlled reactions to form stable, biodegradable nanoparticles.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional methods are used to prepare polysaccharide nanoparticles, then nanoparticles can be formed, but the process requires harsh conditions, toxic chemicals, and surface-active compounds
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the oxidation process by using mild oxidizing agents (periodate, bromine water) instead of harsh oxidants, and controls pH within physiological ranges (pH 2-9) to eliminate the need for toxic chemicals while maintaining nanoparticle formation capability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts and eliminates toxic components (surface-active compounds, aggressive chemicals) from the nanoparticle preparation process by using purely oxidative crosslinking of polysaccharides, which forms stable nanoparticles without requiring any toxic additives
2Reliability
If conventional methods are used to prepare polysaccharide nanoparticles, then nanoparticles can be formed, but extensive purification is required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes the need for complex purification processes by eliminating toxic chemicals and surface-active compounds from the formulation, allowing direct use of the prepared nanoparticles for therapeutic applications without extensive cleaning steps
3Stability of the object's composition
If oxidation degree is increased to improve nanoparticle stability, then nanoparticle stability improves, but toxicity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the oxidation degree parameter within a specific range (0.1-80% of sugar rings) and uses mild oxidizing agents to achieve stable nanoparticles without generating toxic byproducts, resolving the contradiction between stability and toxicity
4Reliability
If harsh conditions are used to prepare nanoparticles, then nanoparticle formation is achieved, but therapeutic compounds may be degraded
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the physical and chemical parameters of the preparation process by conducting oxidation at mild temperatures (0-100°C) and physiological pH levels, which preserves the integrity of sensitive therapeutic compounds while still achieving effective nanoparticle formation
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The process enables the production of non-toxic, biodegradable polysaccharide nanoparticles that can efficiently deliver therapeutic agents to targeted areas, such as tumors, with enhanced stability and reduced risk of drug resistance, while avoiding the use of aggressive chemicals and surfactants.
Implementation Method 1
specific partial oxidation of polysaccharides to create aldehyde groups
Implementation Method 2
using oxidizing agents like periodate
Implementation Method 3
covalent bonding with hydrophobic nanoparticle-forming agents and therapeutic compounds
Implementation Method 4
coupling reaction between a terminal aldehyde group of the modified polysaccharide and a functional group of the protein able to react with said aldehyde group
Implementation Method 5
attaching hydrophobic compounds, including medicaments
Data Source
Figure 1~2
AI summary
The process for the preparation of nanoparticles from polysaccharides and derivatives thereof, by their specific partial oxidation to produce aldehyde groups and attach compounds with amino or other group with the R-NH2 bond which react with aldehyde groups, comprising oxidizing the polysaccharide or derivative thereof by a known method to obtain aldehyde groups until the oxidation degree of 0,1% to 80% of the sugar rings is obtained, then adding at least one nanoparticle-forming agent which after attachment of the aldehyde group exhibits hydrophobic properties, selected from the group comprising: aliphatic or aromatic organic amines containing from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, amides and hydrazides of aliphatic and aromatic organic acids containing from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, hydrophobic amino acids, phosphatidylethanolamine, and at least one active substance containing at least one amino, amido or hydrazide group, to the solution of the oxidized polysaccharide in water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent, carrying the reaction out at pH of the solution from 1 to 9, at the temperature of from 10 to 100°C, wherein the total molar ratio of amino groups to aldehyde groups is from 20 to 0,5.