Polyurethane Fiber Composite High Temperature Resistance
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing processes for preparing polyurethane materials require a burdensome two-step process and often result in products with poorer mechanical properties due to the lack of high molecular weight crosslinked structures, especially at high temperatures.
Innovation Solution
A one-step process involving di- and/or polyisocyanates, compounds with isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms, and compounds with carbon-carbon double bonds, along with optional catalysts and free-radical initiators, to produce a polyurethane material with improved mechanical properties at high temperatures.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If a two-step process is used with compounds containing both double bonds and isocyanate-reactive groups, then high temperature resistance is achieved, but the process becomes burdensome and mechanical properties deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The invention separates the functional groups into distinct compounds: compound (b) contains only isocyanate-reactive groups (hydroxyl, amine, or carboxylic acid groups) while compound (c) contains only carbon-carbon double bonds. This segmentation allows each compound to perform its specific function optimally without the complications of dual-functionality, enabling a simple one-step process that achieves both high temperature resistance and good mechanical properties
Solution Approach 2:
The invention merges the urethane formation reaction and the crosslinking reaction into a single simultaneous one-step process. By combining compounds (a), (b), and (c) together, both reactions proceed concurrently to form a polyurethane material with integrated crosslinked structure, eliminating the need for sequential two-step processing while achieving superior mechanical properties and heat resistance
2Ease of manufacture
If monool compounds are used in the reaction, then the process is simple, but high molecular weight crosslinked structures are not formed resulting in poorer mechanical properties
Solution Approach 1:
The invention assigns different functional roles to different compounds in the system: compound (b) provides the isocyanate-reactive groups for urethane formation while compound (c) provides the double bonds for crosslinking. This local specialization of function allows each compound to contribute optimally to the overall structure, with compound (c) specifically responsible for creating the crosslinked network that provides mechanical strength
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite polyurethane material with a dual-network structure: a urethane backbone formed from isocyanate-reactive compounds and a crosslinked network formed from compounds with carbon-carbon double bonds. This composite structure combines the benefits of both reaction types, achieving high molecular weight crosslinked structures with superior mechanical properties while maintaining ease of processing through a one-step method
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The process achieves a significant improvement in mechanical properties, including heat resistance and glass transition temperature, leading to polyurethane materials suitable for high-temperature applications such as cathodic electrocoating.
Implementation Method 1
a process for preparing a polyurethane material, said process comprising (a) di- and/or polyisocyanates, (b) compounds having isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms
Implementation Method 2
e) optionally a free-radical initiator, and (f) optionally further auxiliary and added-substance materials, being mixed into a reaction mixture and cured
Data Source
AI summary
Described herein is a process for preparing a polyurethane-type fiber composite material, said process including (a) di- and/or polyisocyanates, (b) compounds having isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms, (c) compounds including at least one carbon-carbon double bond, (d) optionally a catalyst to hasten a urethane reaction, (e) optionally a free-radical initiator, and (f) optionally further auxiliary and added-substance materials, being mixed into a reaction mixture—with concomitant wetting of a fiber material—and cured. Also described herein is a polyurethane-type fiber composite material obtainable by a process described herein and also to a method of using the polyurethane-type fiber composite material as a structural component part.