Polyurethane Methacrylate Adhesives via Hydroxythiol Modification
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current curable adhesive compositions face challenges in achieving improved thermal resistance and impact toughness without relying on maleimide-type materials, which are costly and environmentally unfriendly, and require extensive nanoparticles for desired properties like scratch and solvent resistance alongside antifog capabilities.
Innovation Solution
The development of polymerizable urethane acrylate or methacrylate oligomers formed by reacting a thiol with multiple hydroxyl groups and a mono-unsaturated organic compound in the presence of a base catalyst, combined with a polymerization initiator, to create a curable adhesive with enhanced thermal and chemical resistance, impact toughness, and antifog properties without the need for maleimide-type additives or extensive nanoparticles.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If maleimide-type materials are used to improve thermal resistance, then thermal degradation resistance is improved, but cost increases and environmental friendliness deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the adhesive formulation by replacing maleimide-type materials with polyurethane (meth)acrylate oligomers containing hydroxythiol residues. This substitution maintains thermal degradation resistance while reducing cost and improving environmental compatibility, as the new formulation uses readily available materials and eliminates the need for expensive maleimide additives.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs inexpensive hydroxythiol compounds and common polyols as building blocks to create the adhesive oligomers. These readily available, cost-effective materials replace expensive maleimide-type additives, providing an economically viable solution that maintains performance without requiring costly specialized chemicals.
2Temperature
If maleimide-type materials are used to improve thermal resistance, then thermal degradation resistance is improved, but environmental friendliness deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters by substituting maleimide-type materials with polyurethane (meth)acrylate oligomers derived from hydroxythiol and polyol components. This reformulation eliminates harmful maleimide substances while maintaining thermal stability, thereby improving environmental compatibility without sacrificing thermal performance.
3Strength
If nanoparticles are used to achieve scratch and solvent resistance, then scratch and solvent resistance is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates the need for complex nanoparticle formulations by incorporating scratch and solvent resistance properties directly into the molecular structure of the polyurethane (meth)acrylate oligomers through hydroxythiol modification. This intrinsic approach provides the desired resistance properties without requiring separate nanoparticle additives, thereby simplifying the overall formulation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates composite molecular structures within the polyurethane (meth)acrylate oligomers by combining hydroxythiol residues with polyol and isocyanate components. This molecular-level composite architecture integrates multiple functional properties (adhesion, flexibility, scratch resistance, solvent resistance) into a single unified material system, eliminating the need for separate nanoparticle reinforcements and reducing formulation complexity.
4Strength
If antifog coatings are formulated with high scratch and solvent resistance, then scratch and solvent resistance is improved, but antifog properties deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality modification by incorporating hydrophilic groups (such as carboxylic acids or other highly hydrophilic groups) at specific locations within the polyurethane (meth)acrylate oligomer structure. These localized hydrophilic regions provide antifog properties through water reduction/dilution, while the overall molecular structure maintains scratch and solvent resistance through the hydroxythiol and polyol components, achieving both properties simultaneously without compromise.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The resulting adhesive composition exhibits improved impact toughness, thermal resistance, and antifog properties while maintaining scratch and solvent resistance, making it suitable for various industrial applications without compromising tensile strength or chemical resistance.
Implementation Method 1
reacting a thiol having at least two hydroxyl groups with a mono-unsaturated organic compound in the presence of a base catalyst
Implementation Method 2
reacting a polyisocyanate with the intermediate
Implementation Method 3
cured by heating or actinic radiation
Data Source
AI summary
The invention provides intermediates of the formula:as well as a method of their preparation by reacting a thiol having at least two hydroxyl groups with a mono-unsaturated organic compound in the presence of a base catalyst. A polymerizable urethane acrylate oligomer or urethane methacrylate oligomer is formed by reacting a polyisocyanate with the intermediate. The polymerizable urethane acrylate oligomer or urethane methacrylate is blended with a polymerization initiator to form a composition which is useful in such applications as adhesives.