Double-Crosslinked Polyurethane Thin Film for Low Adhesion and Stretchability
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing materials with low adhesion and stretchability, such as super-amphiphobic materials, liquid membrane materials, and polytetrafluoroethylene, face issues with durability, transparency, and tensile properties due to structural limitations, making them unsuitable for practical applications.
Innovation Solution
A chemically and physically double-crosslinked anti-fouling polyurethane thin film is synthesized using a polycondensation reaction, incorporating hard and soft segment monomers, hydrophilic and low surface energy compounds, and a catalyst, allowing for high elasticity and transparency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If super-amphiphobic materials with micro-nano surface structure are used to achieve low adhesion, then anti-fouling performance is improved, but tensile properties and durability deteriorate due to easy damage during deformation
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the surface energy parameter by introducing fluorinated compounds with low surface energy (10-20 mN/m) into the polyurethane matrix, achieving low adhesion without relying on fragile micro-nano structures. This allows the material to maintain both anti-fouling performance and mechanical durability under deformation
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite polyurethane material combining polyether segments (for elasticity), fluorinated compounds (for low surface energy), and crosslinking agents (for durability). This composite structure achieves both low adhesion and high tensile properties simultaneously, resolving the contradiction between anti-fouling performance and durability
2Strength
If liquid membrane materials are stretched to achieve elasticity, then tensile properties are improved, but continuity of surface functional liquid membrane is damaged affecting adhesion and transparency
Solution Approach 1:
The invention replaces the fragile liquid membrane with a solid polyurethane matrix that can be stretched without damage. The solid structure maintains continuity and surface functionality even under large deformation, eliminating the limitation of liquid membranes
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the physical state from liquid membrane to solid elastomeric matrix, enabling the material to maintain structural integrity and surface functionality during stretching while achieving high elasticity
3Object-affected harmful factors
If polytetrafluoroethylene is used to achieve low adhesion, then anti-fouling performance is improved, but elasticity and functionality are difficult to modify due to insolubility and infusibility
Solution Approach 1:
The invention creates a composite where fluorinated compounds are incorporated into a polyurethane matrix, combining the low adhesion of PTFE with the elasticity and processability of polyurethane. This allows modification of functionality while maintaining anti-fouling performance
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the chemical environment by dissolving fluorinated compounds in the polyurethane matrix during synthesis, enabling the material to achieve both low adhesion and high elasticity simultaneously, overcoming the limitations of insoluble PTFE
4Object-affected harmful factors
If hydrophobic silicon balls are sprayed on elastic substrates to control roughness, then hydrophobicity is improved, but transparency deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the mechanism from surface roughness (physical structure) to surface energy (chemical property) by using fluorinated compounds. This achieves hydrophobicity without creating surface features that would scatter light, thereby maintaining transparency
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The polyurethane thin film exhibits superior low adhesion, anti-fouling performance, and mechanical properties, maintaining slipperiness and transparency even under stretching, with liquids sliding off without leaving traces, and demonstrating high elongation rates and recovery.
Implementation Method 1
incorporating hard and soft segment monomers, hydrophilic and low surface energy compounds
Implementation Method 2
maintaining slipperiness and transparency even under stretching
Implementation Method 3
demonstrating high elongation rates and recovery
Data Source
AI summary
The invention discloses an anti-fouling polyurethane thin film with high elasticity and high transparency, a preparation method and use thereof. The raw materials of the polyurethane thin film include the following active ingredients by mass fractions: 30% to 40% of a hard segment monomer, 40% to 50% of a soft segment monomer, 3% to 6% of a hydrophilic monomer, 0% to 3% of a crosslinking monomer, 0% to 5% of a small molecular chain extender, and 10% to 15% of a compound with low surface energy. A chemically and physically double-crosslinked anti-fouling polyurethane is synthesized through a polycondensation reaction. This thin film exhibits superior low adhesion and anti-fouling properties, and can achieve the coexistence of both low adhesion and stretchability at the same time.