Cross-Linkable Polyvinylamide Polymers via Dual Functional Monomers
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Solution Overview
Problem
There is a continuous need for next-generation cross-linkable polymers that can form covalent bonds without the addition of cross-linking agents, as existing methods often require complex formulations and may not yield commercially viable products efficiently.
Innovation Solution
Polymers comprising an N-vinyl amide monomer and a dual functional monomer, such as glycidyl acrylate, with an additional third polymerizable monomer, allowing for the formation of covalent bonds and varying charge properties, which can be prepared through known polymerization techniques like bulk, solution, or emulsion polymerization.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If cross-linking agents are used to enable polymer cross-linking, then cross-linking functionality is achieved, but formulation complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates the separate cross-linking agent component from the formulation. Instead of adding external cross-linking agents like melamines or formaldehyde, the cross-linking functionality is built directly into the polymer backbone through incorporated polymerizable functionalities (vinyl groups, epoxides, carboxylic acids, or amines) that enable self-cross-linking.
Solution Approach 2:
The polymer performs its own cross-linking function without requiring external cross-linking agents. The polymerizable functionalities incorporated into the polymer backbone enable the polymer to form covalent bonds with itself or other functional materials autonomously, making the system self-sufficient for cross-linking applications.
2Ease of manufacture
If polymerizable functionalities are incorporated into the polymer backbone, then cross-linking capability is achieved without cross-linking agents, but polymer synthesis complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the cross-linking functionality with the polymer backbone structure. By incorporating polymerizable functionalities (vinyl groups, epoxides, carboxylic acids, or amines) directly into the polymer chain during synthesis, the cross-linking capability becomes an intrinsic property of the polymer rather than a separate additive.
Solution Approach 2:
The polymer is designed with multi-functionality, combining the base polymer properties with built-in cross-linking capabilities. The polymerizable functionalities serve dual purposes: maintaining the polymer's primary function while enabling cross-linking reactions, creating a universally applicable cross-linkable polymer system.
3Adaptability or versatility
If dual functional monomers are used, then cross-linking versatility is improved, but product formulation complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs dual functional monomers that contain both polymerizable groups (for chain growth) and cross-linkable functionalities (for cross-linking). Examples include monomers with vinyl groups plus epoxides, vinyl groups plus carboxylic acids, or vinyl groups plus amines. This multi-functionality allows a single monomer to provide both polymerization and cross-linking capabilities.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates composite functional structures by incorporating multiple functional groups within the same monomer unit. The dual functional monomers combine different chemical functionalities (e.g., vinyl + epoxide, vinyl + carboxylic acid) into a single molecular structure, creating a composite material that exhibits both polymerization and cross-linking properties.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The resulting polymers are capable of forming covalent bonds without cross-linking agents, offering simpler product formulations and versatility in applications, including UV curable coatings, membranes, and extruded plastics, with potential uses in industrial, personal care, and pharmaceutical sectors.
Implementation Method 1
The present invention relates to a polymer comprising an N-vinyl amide monomer and a dual functional monomer... allowing for the formation of covalent bonds
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a polymer comprising an N-vinyl amide monomer and a dual functional monomer. In the case where the dual functional monomer incorporates a glycidyl acrylate, a third polymerizable monomer is also included. The polymer can be varied in charge.