Flexible PON Modulation Switchover Using BER-Guided FEC Codewords

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing communication networks in passive optical networks (PON) struggle to optimize throughput and reliability by adapting modulation formats based on varying channel conditions of individual user-devices, leading to suboptimal performance for both benign and harsh conditions.

Innovation Solution

A method and apparatus for an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) in a PON that dynamically switches between lower and higher order modulations based on bit error rate (BER) thresholds, using a hybrid modulation scheme with mixed FEC codewords to ensure reliable communication, allowing devices under better conditions to utilize higher throughput.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If higher order modulation is used to increase throughput, then productivity is improved, but reliability deteriorates due to higher bit error rates

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovethroughputVSAvoidbit error rate
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically changes the modulation order parameter based on channel conditions. When channel conditions are good (low BER), higher order modulation is used to maximize throughput. When channel conditions deteriorate (high BER), the system switches to lower order modulation to maintain reliability, thus resolving the contradiction between productivity and reliability through adaptive parameter adjustment

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The modulation scheme is made dynamic rather than fixed. The system continuously monitors BER and adjusts the modulation order in real-time based on feedback about channel conditions. This dynamic adaptation allows the system to optimize the trade-off between throughput and reliability according to actual operating conditions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Ease of operation

If fixed modulation format is used to simplify system operation, then ease of operation is improved, but adaptability deteriorates to varying channel conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem operation simplicityVSAvoidadaptation to channel conditions
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The system transitions from a static fixed modulation format to a dynamic adaptive modulation scheme. The OLT automatically adjusts the modulation order based on BER feedback from ONUs, enabling the system to adapt to varying channel conditions while maintaining relatively simple operation through automated decision-making

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system implements a feedback mechanism where ONUs report their BER measurements to the OLT, which then uses this information to adjust the modulation format. This feedback loop enables adaptability to channel conditions while keeping the control logic centralized and manageable

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Productivity

If modulation switching is implemented to optimize throughput, then productivity is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethroughput optimizationVSAvoidmodulation switching mechanism
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The complexity is managed by focusing on changes in a single key parameter - the modulation order - rather than implementing complex multi-parameter adaptation. The system switches between discrete modulation orders (e.g., PAM4, PAM8) based on BER thresholds, which simplifies the switching mechanism while still achieving significant throughput optimization

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The modulation switching mechanism is segmented into distinct phases: rate determination phase where BER is measured and compared against thresholds, and data transmission phase where the selected modulation is applied. This segmentation of the control logic into manageable phases reduces overall system complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Data Source

PatentEP4380073B1Modulation switchover in flexible PON
Publication Date: 2025.11.26 NOKIA SOLUTIONS & NETWORKS OY
  • EP4380073B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4380073B1 patent drawingFigure 2A
  • EP4380073B1 patent drawingFigure 2B

AI summary

A network element includes at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one non-transitory memory including computer program code configured to, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to determine whether a bit error rate (BER) of a FEC codeword is at or below a correctable BER, wherein the FEC codeword is transmitted between an OLT and ONU, a first percentage of the FEC codeword is at a lower order modulation, and a second percentage of the FEC codeword is at a higher order modulation, establish, based on a determination that the BER is at or below the correctable BER, a connection between the OLT and the ONU at the higher order modulation, and maintain, based on a determination that the BER is greater than the correctable BER, the connection between the OLT and the ONU at the lower order modulation.